We identified a carbohydrate metabolic operon (frz) that is highly associated with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains. The frz operon codes for three subunits of a phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporter of the fructose subfamily, for a transcriptional activator of PTSs of the MgA family, for two type II ketose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases, for a sugar-specific kinase (repressor, open reading frame, kinase family [ROK]), and for a protein of the cupin superfamily. We proved that the frz operon promotes bacterial fitness under stressful conditions, such as oxygen restriction, late stationary phase of growth, or growth in serum or in the intestinal tract. Furthermore, we showed that frz is involved in adherence to and internalization in human type II pneumocytes, human enterocytes, and chicken liver cells by favoring the ON orientation of the fim operon promoter and thus acting on the expression of type 1 fimbriae, which are the major ExPEC adhesins. Both the PTS activator and the metabolic enzymes encoded by the frz operon are involved in these phenotypes.
Abstract. The Low-Noise Underground Research Laboratory (LSBB URL) in Rustrel (near Avignon, Southern France) is born from the reconversion of a command firing post of nuclear rocket. Since 1996, the site has been transformed in an international scientific facility for interdisciplinary research. Scientists working on different fields and from different countries are supervised by the engineer team of the LSBB. The LSBB URL wanted to point the competences of the lab and prove that their measures could be trusted. The accreditation according to the ISO 17025 didn't appear suitable. Indeed, this well-known standard is not really suited to the needs of research lab and the work to set up for a first accreditation is consistent and costly. Working with partners in the field of public and private research, the CT2M has developed a new quality system fully compatible with the ISO 17025 but more suitable to establish with the concerned academic labs and private companies: The "Label Fiabilité Mesure". The LSBB URL has obtained the graduation for the Label for its activity of measurement of gravity. The room has been built 500m underground. It is hung in the air thanks to 8 shock-absorbers and protected by an enclosure compose of concrete and steel. It was designed to protect the person in charge for executing the launch of nuclear weapons.Since 1996, it has been transformed in an international scientific facility for interdisciplinary research. The lab is composed of 3,7km of gallery dug in cretaceous limestones and going down until 500m below the mountain. On the one hand, LSBB URL gives in situ access to deep soils allowing research in geological and hydrogeological specific environment, on the other hand, its untypical design warrants electromagnetic as much as anthropological low background noise environment well adapted for testing and developing new high sensitivity instrumentation. MIGA projectIn partnership with the EOST (Strasbourg, France), the LSBB URL takes part in the European scientific project MIGA (Matter wave -laser based Interferometer Gravitation Antenna). The purpose of this project is the construction of a novel infrastructure to study strain tensor of space-time and gravitation. Using a novel approach for strain measurement, based on quantum mechanics.MIGA project targets the construction of sensors useful for the environment monitoring and should help improving the mitigation of natural hazards. Located 500m underground, the LSBB environment allows the measurement of gravitation gradient induced by the
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