Cook et al. recently described a progressive model for teaching children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to provide eye contact with an instructor following a name call. The model included the following phases: contingent praise only, contingent edibles plus praise, stimulus prompts plus contingent edibles and praise, contingent video and praise, schedule thinning, generalization assessments, and maintenance evaluations. In the present study, we evaluated the extent to which modifications to the model were needed to train 15 children with ASD to engage in eye contact. Results show that 11 of 15 participants acquired eye contact with the progressive model; however, eight participants required one or more procedural modifications to the model to acquire eye contact. In addition, the four participants who did not acquire eye contact received one or more modifications. Results also show that participants who acquired eye contact with or without modifications continued to display high levels of the behavior during follow-up probes. We discuss directions for future research with and limitations of this progressive model.

Sleep disturbance is commonly reported in young people with features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Examining sleep quality and sleep-wake patterns in young people with features of BPD is essential to inform the development of sleep-improvement interventions. A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The objectives were to map the literature regarding sleep in young people with features of BPD, highlight areas for further investigation, and provide methodological recommendations for future research. Seven data sets were included in the review. Young people with features of BPD had poorer objective and subjective sleep quality, disturbed sleep architecture (particularly rapid-eye-movement sleep), an increased vulnerability to delayed sleep phase syndrome, and more nightmares and dream anxiety, compared with healthy individuals. Future research should use both objective and subjective sleep measures, include clinical comparison groups, and focus specifically on young people with BPD.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder characterised by extreme sensitivity to perceived interpersonal slights, an unstable sense of self, intense and volatile emotions, and impulsive behaviours (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Sleep disturbances are among the most common complaints of individuals with BPD (Hafizi, 2013) but they are infrequently studied, especially in young people aged 15-25 years.This age range aligns with the United Nations and World Health Organization's definitions of 'youth'. This period (from puberty to 25 years) is distinct and developmentally continuous in economically developed societies (Dahl et al., 2018;Sawyer et al., 2018).Moreover, developmental processes underpinning identity formation, executive functioning, and personality development extend beyond 18 years of age and into the third decade of life (

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