Cognitive Radio (CR) is a technology used for other developing technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), one part of CR is spectrum sensing which is useful as an empty spectrum searcher. The use of spectrum is now considered very minimal and raises the problem of scarcity of spectrum. But after testing the real problem is the spectrum in utilization. This problem can be overcome by using efficient utilization of CR technology using Spectrum Sensing. Sensing algorithms that are usually used such as: a suitable filter, energy detector and cyclostationary are not enough because there are many antennas to be detected. In the case of multi-antenna detection, research usually uses the Generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) approach. The GLRT Approach Detector also has three types of detectors, type-3 detectors do not determine statistical tests. However, if you use monte carlo or the literacy algorithm, you need a lot of data to get the detector performance. this research will combine algorithms using bootstrap to determine detector performance using small data because using Bootstrap basically only requires a small resampling. The research wants to show if a type-3 detector can help the detector produce good probabilities using little data. The expected result is that the GLRT approach can be combined with a bootstrap for type-3 detectors such as: arithmetic and geometric statistical tests (TAGM) and GLRT time code space code statistical tests (TSTBCGLRT) to help determine assumptions Pd assumptions. Then an experiment was carried out to determine the threshold, by comparing bootstrap with monte carlo, research is expected to show that bootstrap works without a known H0 distribution and set the same threshold at all times.
Typography, usually closely related to printed media, has now been explored in digital media. These changes make typography, which is usually static, more dynamic. One example of digital typography is kinetic typography. Typography's position as a medium of visual and textual communication becomes more interesting because the element of motion in kinetic typography adds another meaning value. This study examines how typography reveals meaning in time-based media formats. In this study, three movie title sequences with different genres will be analyzed: Monsters Inc., Se7en, and Mission: Impossible — Ghost Protocol. The film was chosen because it has a dominant kinetic typography structure and has a good reputation in terms of visuals. The method of analysis is carried out by comparing the structure of the three title sequences based on the kinetic typography theory by Bellantoni and Woolman. Furthermore, an analysis of the semantic value of each title sequence was also carried out. This research is aimed to figure out the elements used in the visual creation of a title sequence and how these elements can construct meaning. From the analysis process it is known that each genre of the title sequence has different element variations which of course have their own meaning. The results of this study are expected to provide recommendations for the title sequence design method based on the genre like comedy animation, thriller, and action.
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