RÉSUMÉEn matière de gestion durable des systèmes agroforestiers à base de cacao, il serait important de trouver un compromis pour à la fois conserver la biodiversité et les stocks de carbone ; ce qui constituerait une alternative écologiquement soutenable à l'agriculture conventionnelle. En Afrique sub-saharienne, peu d'études ont mis la lumière sur les relations éventuelles entre la biomasse végétale et la diversité biologique dans ces systèmes. La présente étude a permis de tester ces relations dans des agroforêts à cacao de Lakota en Côte d'Ivoire. Des cacaoyères et des forêts ont été inventoriées selon la méthode des transects à aire variable. Plusieurs indices floristiques, ont été calculés et la biomasse aérienne a été estimée, pour les espèces arborescentes de dbh > 2,5 cm. Au total, 215 espèces ont été dénombrées dans l'ensemble des biotopes dont 57,2 % en forêts anciennes, 50,2 % en forêts secondaires et 26 à 45 % dans les plantations. La biomasse aérienne des arbres sur pied dans les forêts anciennes est plus élevée (203,7 t ha -1 ) que dans les plantations où la biomasse baisse jusqu'à 90,2 t ha -1 . Il n'existe pas de relations significatives entre la biomasse aérienne et la diversité des espèces dans les forêts. Dans les plantations âgées de plus de 15 ans, une forte diversité spécifique peut être bénéfique à 20 % dans l'augmentation de la biomasse sur pied. Les pratiques paysannes traditionnelle sen cacao culture peuvent donc garantircon comitamment, la diversité floristique et la biomasse qui est le facteur déterminant dans la séquestration du carbone.Mots Clés: Réchauffements climatiques, système agroforestier, Côte d'Ivoire, activité anthropique ABSTRACTFor sustainable management of cocoa based agroforestry systems, it is important to find a tradeoff to conserve both biodiversity and carbon stock; which would be an ecologically sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture. In Sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have tested relationships between plant biomass and biodiversity in these systems. This study analysed these relationships in Cocoa based agroforest in Lakota area in Côte d'Ivoire. Cocoa farms and forest patches were inventoried using the variable-area transect method. We considered all trees species with dbh> 2.5 cm. Pearson correlation was used to test probable links between aboveground biomass and diversity indexes. We recorded a total of 215 tree species in all habitats, of which 57.2% were in old growth forests, 50.2% in secondary forests and 26-45% in cocoa farms. diversity could contribute up to 20% in the aboveground biomass. The conservation of floristic diversity in cacao based agroforestry systems may represent an important factor in mitigating global warming, through the storage of large amounts of carbon.
In the area of Lakota (Midwest, Côte d'Ivoire), where the vegetation is a semi-deciduous forest, cacao growing is practiced by people from different origins. Cacao cropping techniques seem to be influenced by some social and cultural habits, according to the people and the agroecological areas. The present study aimed to understand(1) the cacao cropping systems and to identify(2) the reasons underlying the choice of vegetal species combined to cacao trees in these rural communities. To achieve this goal, interviews were realised with cacao farmers of four villages of the area. These interviews concern farmers’ profiles, the former agriculture practices, the variety of the cultivated cacao and the plants combined to cacao trees. The results show that among the 223 interviewed farmers, 72 (32.3% of the farmers) are natives, 42 (18.8% of the farmers) are immigrants and 109 (48.9% of the farmers) are non-native Ivorians. In total, 77 species regularly combined to cacao trees were named by the farmers and they can be divided into local species and exotic species. Plots ordination shows three agroforestry systems according to ethnic group of the locality. Cacao farms with the large proportion of local species are owned by Lakota native people "Dida". The exotic species are dominant in cacao farms that belong to immigrants (Malian, Burkina Faso and Guinean people) and "Malinké" people (a non-native ivorian ethnic group). The Akan people (a non-native ivorian ethnic group) combine in a same proportions exotic and local species in their cacao farms.
Cette étude a pour objectif de montrer l’importance de la participation des communautés locales à la réussite d’un projet de création de zone de conservation de la biodiversité. La mise en place de ladite zone a nécessité la formation des autorités et communautés locales sur les services écosystémiques. Cette formation a permis une meilleure implication des communautés à la gestion durable des ressources. Ainsi, 20 représentants ont servi de personnel d’appui pour les travaux d’aménagement et de restauration du site. L’état initial de la flore et la végétation a été évalué. L’analyse des données a mis en évidence la présence de 346 espèces végétales reparties en 262 genres et 89 familles. Parmi celles-ci il a été enregistré 50 espèces prioritaires pour la conservation. Au sein des espèces utilitaires de la région, 13 sont plus importantes. Cependant, six d’entre elles sont moins abondantes dans la zone de conservation de biodiversité. La caractérisation de la flore initiale a guidé dans le choix des espèces de reboisement pour la restauration. Ainsi, les espèces prioritaires pour la conservation et celles désignées importantes pour la population ont été privilégiées au cours de la restauration. Les résultats obtenus renseignent d’une part sur les outils d’acceptation sociale et les niveaux d’implication de la communauté locale d’un projet de mise en place d’une zone de conservation de biodiversité et d’autre part sur l’importance de la caractérisation de la flore initiale. This paper focuses on showing the importance of the participation of local communities in the success of a project to create a biodiversity conservation area. The establishment of this zone required the training of local authorities and communities on ecosystem services. This training allowed for a better involvement of the communities in the sustainable management of resources. Twenty (20) community representatives served as support staff for the development and restoration of the site. The initial state of the flora and vegetation was assessed. The analysis of the data revealed the presence of 346 plant species divided into 262 genera and 89 families. Of these, 50 priority species for conservation were recorded. Of the utilitarian species of the region, 13 are more important. Six of them are less abundant in the biodiversity conservation area. The characterisation of the initial flora guided the selection of reforestation species for restoration. Priority species for conservation and those designated as important for the population were favoured during the restoration. The results obtained provide information, on the one hand, on the tools for social acceptance and the levels of involvement of the local community of a project to set up a biodiversity conservation area and, on the other hand, on the importance of characterizing the initial flora.
Aïnhum or spontaneous dactylolysis is a progressive constriction of the digito-plantar fold of the fifth toe which leads after several years of evolution to a spontaneous amputation of the toe. Classically, a distinction is made between "true Aïnhum" of unknown cause, which affects only blacks and those of African (sub-Saharan) descent; "pseudo-Aïnhum", which follows various causes such as an inflammatory flange or foreign body constriction; and finally, palmo-plantar keratoderma, of genetic origin, such as Vohwinkel disease. We report a case of Aïnhum received at stage III of the pathology and who benefited from an amputation of the fifth toe.
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