High power proton accelerators (HPPAs) with beam powers in the several megawatt range have many applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources [1]
The proton linac of the European Spallation Source, under construction in Lund, Sweden, had beam commissioning of its ion source (IS) and the following low energy beam transport (LEBT) at their final locations from September 2018 to July 2019. This was first of several beam commissioning stages for the linac of ESS, towards the start of the user program in 2023. This paper presents highlights of characterizations of the IS and LEBT from the aforementioned beam commissioning period, including behavioral change of the IS against its parameters, error source identifications of the beam trajectory in the LEBT, and preliminary characterization of the LEBT output beam against solenoid strengths in LEBT.
K: Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), electron beam (EBIS)); Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors; beam-intensity monitors; bunch length monitors); Beam dynamics 1Corresponding author.
This paper describes a simulation study of high intensity beam dynamics and beam transport when the RAL and CERN MEBT line designs are each fed into the same CERN LINAC4 structure. A comparative study of the efficiency of the two modes of operation has been made using two particle distributions: a uniformly generated beam at the input of the RFQ, and a more realistic beam generated at the LEBT input and tracked through the LEBT and the RFQ. 2
Future projects like a neutrino factory or an advanced spallation neutron source require high power proton accelerators capable of producing beams in the multi-MW range. The quality of the beam delivered to the target is very much dictated by the accelerator front end and by the lower energy linac. Prompted by the Front End Test Stand (FETS) under construction at RAL, a new 180 MeV Hlinac is being considered as a possible replacement for the aging current 70 MeV ISIS injector, and the same linac has also been included in designs for the proton driver for a possible UK Neutrino Factory. In this paper, different RF design options are analysed and a general layout for the new linac is presented based on two accelerating structures to raise the beam energy from 3 to 180 MeV: a 324 MHz Drift Tube Linac (DTL), making use of commercial Toshiba klystrons, followed by Side Coupled Linac (SCL) with a triple frequency jump at the transition between the two structures.
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