Wine chemical analysis was carried out on 194 commercial blended red wines produced by two major wine-growing areas—the Aquitaine (France) and Rioja (Spain) regions—in order to compare the wines of both regions. Anthocyanins and derived pigments, tannins and derivatives were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS (high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry using the electrospray ionization interface). Mean degree of polymerization (mDP) was determined. The influence of the wine-growing region and the predominance of the properties of some grape varieties used are confirmed by the significant differences observed between both regions. Rioja and Bordeaux “generic” (Bordeaux and Bordeaux-Supérieur appellations) red wines showed the highest anthocyanic content and the highest mDP, as these wines are in a majority made from Merlot (Bordeaux “generic”) and Tempranillo (Rioja). On the contrary, Bordeaux “specific” regions (Blayais, Médoc, Graves, and Libournais) showed the red wines with the highest total phenolic content and tannin concentration, as the predominant grape variety used is Cabernet Sauvignon. A principal component analysis (PCA) and a hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC) suggesting patterns between the chemical parameters and the distribution of the red wines in three groups were proposed. The comparison of the two wine-growing areas also reveals some similarities between the various grape varieties used. A general effect of a progressive decrease in anthocyanins, anthocyanin-derived pigment and tannins is observed for older wines.
Abstract. During the wine-making process and ageing, the formation of various groups of pyranoanthocyanins leads to enhance and to stabilize the red wine colour. Although their chemical properties and their formation kinetics have been well-described, data about their sensory impact are scarce. Microoxygenation can be used to favor the formation of pyranoanthocyanins and also to improve wine quality. For this study, both analytical and sensory aspects were used. Purification steps applied on an oxidized red wine lead to characterize three new original compounds. Sensory analysis was declined into two aspects. First the purification of an A-type vitisin-rich fraction will be used for evaluating the possible sensory impact of pyranoanthocyanins; then the correlation between the tasting of micro-oxygenated red wines and the concentrations of these wine samples in pyranoanthocyanins will determine if these pigments could enhance aroma characteristics.
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