La degradación de pesticidas (plaguicidas, herbicidas, fungicidas, entre otros) en medio acuoso constituye un tema de enorme importancia que contribuye a asegurar la calidad del agua de numerosas fuentes hídricas. En el presente trabajo se realizó la evaluación de sistemas catalíticos homogéneos (iones metálicos en solución) y heterogéneos (óxidos soportados en alúmina), basados en Fe3+, Co2+ y Cu2+, en la oxidación (degradación) del plaguicida metilparatión en medio acuoso, empleando peróxido de hidrógeno como oxidante bajo condiciones suaves de reacción (25 ºC y presión atmosférica). Los sólidos se caracterizaron por difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). El sistema Fe3+/H2O2 (sistema Fenton) constituye el catalizador homogéneo más activo, en comparación con los sistemas Co2+/H2O2 y Cu2+/H2O2. Los sólidos conformados por óxidos de cobalto, cobre o hierro y óxidos mixtos soportados en alúmina mostraron actividad catalítica a pH muy cercano a la neutralidad. Los sistemas mixtos Fe-Co-Cu/Al2O3, Co-Cu/Al2O3 y Fe-Co/Al2O3 fueron los sólidos de máxima actividad catalítica. Adicionalmente, se observó la influencia del soporte (-Al2O3) en el pH del medio de reacción, permitiendo el acercamiento de dichos valores a la neutralidad y con ello favoreciendo la actividad catalítica de los óxidos de cobalto y de cobre. Los resultados del presente estudio permiten avanzar en una nueva ruta de búsqueda de catalizadores para la eliminación de pesticidas organofosforados contaminantes de aguas residuales.
The novel biocomposite based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4 (CN)) and Chitosan (CS) has been deeply studied and summarized in key points concerning various applications. The CN material is composed of the earth-abundant nature of C, N, and H and possesses excellent properties due to its two-dimensional structure, good chemical stability, and a narrow bandgap that allows its use in many applications. There is a lot of information on the role of CN as a potential photocatalyst, but not in association with other composites. In contrast, this minireview summarizes its applications not only in the field of photocatalysis but also in all fields reported on the biocomposite of CN with CS. The incorporation of chitosan helps to overcome the existing limitations of CN, like low-surface area, low light absorption, fast recombination of charges, and hydrophobic character. To introduce, CS is an attractive biomaterial, which is a low-cost alternative for the preparation of films and catalysts due to its unique characteristics such as biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and film-forming properties that increase the popularity of CN. In this current minireview, a comprehensive study was conducted on the properties, synthesis, and applications along with the advancements of CN incorporated with CS. Finally, we hope to stimulate researchers to study the biocomposite of CN and CS to find new portals and ways to develop effective materials.
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