An integrated magnetotelluric (MT) and geochemical study of the Blawan geothermal field has been performed. The character of the hot springs, the reservoir temperature, and geothermal reserve potential of Blawan geothermal field are assessed. MT measurements, with 250 m up to 1200 m spacings, were made at 19 sites, and 6 locations at the Blawan hot springs have been sampled for geochemical survey. The results of 2D modelling indicated that the geothermal system in the research area consisted of a cap rock zone (≤32 Ω·m), reservoir zone (>32 -≤512 Ω·m), and heat source zone (>512 Ω·m), and also identified faults. The characteristics of the hot spring water were identified through analyzing the major and minor elements. A ternary diagram (Cl-SO 4 -HCO 3 ) showed that the Blawan hot springs consist of bicarbonate water (at locations of AP-01, AP-02, AP-03) and chloride water (at locations of AP-04, AP-05, and AP-06), with a reservoir temperature of approximately 90 • C based on the Na-K-Ca geothermometer results. An estimate of the geothermal energy using the volumetric method, gave a total geothermal reserve potential of 1.823 MWe.
Geothermal resource investigation was accomplished for Blawan-Ijen geothermal system. Blawan geothermal field which located in the northern part of Ijen caldera presents hydrothermal activity related with Pedati fault and local graben. There were about 21 hot springs manifestations in Blawan-Ijen area with calculated temperature about 50 ∘ C. We have performed several geophysical studies of underground seepage of hot water characterization. The geoelectric resistivity and GPR methods are used in this research because both of them are very sensitive to detect the presence of hot water. These preliminary studies have established reliable methods for hydrothermal survey that can accurately investigate the underground seepage of hot water with shallow depth resolution. We have successfully identified that the underground seepage of hot water in Blawan geothermal field is following the fault direction and river flow which is evidenced by some hot spring along the Banyu Pahit river with resistivity value less than 40 Ωm and medium conductivity.
Geothermal resource investigation by using multi geophysical observation was accomplished for Blawan-Ijen geothermal system. Geological and surface investigation found about 21 hot springs have been found in Blawan area with the surface temperature ranged from about 40 o C-55 o C. Based on resistivity and GPR data known that the underground seepage of hot water following the fault direction. This fault structure is identified based on the high distribution of microseismicity and thermal infrared remote sensing (TIR) analysis which associated with high land surface temperature (LST). Meanwhile, the heat source of Blawan-Ijen geothermal system are found in the southwest part based on high magnetic anomaly which represents the igneous rocks. All methods used shows the results indicating that Blawan-Ijen volcano complex is an interesting area for geothermal energy development and suitable for pilot project on regional development of volcano geothermal region.
Penelitian dengan menggunakan metode magnetotelurik telah dilaksanakan di daerah potensi panasbumi Blawan, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sistem panasbumi di daerah penelitian berdasarkan nilai resistivitasnya. Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Metronix ADU-07e yang mengukur 3 komponen medan magnet ( , dan ) dan 2 komponen medan listrik ( dan ). Pengambilan data magnetotelurik dilakukan di 19 titik, dengan jarak antar titik pengukuran sepanjang 250 m hingga 1200 m. Data yang didapatkan berupa nilai resistivitas semu dan fase dalam domain frekuensi dengan rentang 0,01 Hz hingga 10.000 Hz. Seluruh titik pengambilan data dibagi menjadi 4 profil inversi 2D. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa sistem panasbumi pada daerah penelitian tersusun atas zona lapisan penudung (≤32 .m), zona reservoar (>32 .m -≤512 .m), dan zona sumber panas (>512 .m). Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil pemodelan juga teridentifikasi adanya beberapa patahan yang mendukung sistem panasbumi Blawan.
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