In the second half of the 20th and the beginning of this century, large-scale maritime accidents created catastrophic environmental pollution, some of which is on an irreversible scale. Decision support systems can provide a picture of the maritime scene to the decision-makers, which they monitor by keeping the marine environment variables up to date, in search and rescue and pollution response operations after maritime accidents. In favor of Industry 4.0, systems use all dynamic data of the marine environment, and the authorities that provide this data have been integrated on an internet basis. The chapter aims to present perspectives on how this internet-based integration provided by Industry 4.0 can feed the human factor for the prevention of the marine environment and, by this means, the role of Industry 5.0 in sustainable marine environment management.
Online education has been an option until the first half of the year 2020. After the outbreak of COVID-19, online learning has gradually become a must for education. In this period, institutions have had to transform and adopt not only their teaching approach and content, but also their technology. Maritime education and training inevitably has followed the same pattern. As English is the operational language of the sea, teaching maritime English has had its share from this transformation. This study focuses on improving maritime students' job-related communication skills in an online environment with online role-playing. The study firstly reviews general requirements and setbacks involved in online teaching and language requirements at sea. The focus of the study is on online oral communication role-playing to perform ship-based external communication. The study concludes by pinpointing minimum requirements for conducting such training, lessons learned from the sessions, as well as knowledge and experience achieved by the students.
Experience and evolving technology have made it possible to combat marine pollution in more effective ways. Apart from a lack of appropriate reaction resources in prior oil spill catastrophes, presently Turkiye has more potent ability. The objective of this research is to establish the efficiency of the response to marine pollution which might emerge in the Istanbul Strait with the presently available functionalities, as well as to offer suggestions over what operational and technical upgrades could be made to ramp up this effectiveness. PISCES II (Potential Incident Simulation Control and Evaluation System) oil pollution modelling and decision support system was utilized to fulfil the study's purpose. In the conclusion of the study, correlative statistics prove how to use assets in the intervention action to combat oil pollution in the Istanbul Strait, how surface vessels are employed during these operational processes, as well as the significance of the initial reaction speed.
Due to the dynamic nature of the variables within its scope, “Marine Environment” is a field that requires quick and effective decisions by the responsible authoritiesAfter an accident at sea, due to the variables such as, sea condition, current and wind, ship traffic, movements of polluting fuel, etc. it is necessary to intervene with correct and timely measures, otherwise the size of the loss of life and property increases.The increaing share of maritime transport among the modes of transport has also increased the ship traffic in the seas. The structure of the marine environ-ment has made it impossible for countries to intervene in large-scale maritime accidents on their own, and in this context, a number of international conventions have been put into effect since the beginning of the 2000s on the plan and organizational structure of the coordinated response with the sharing of information and tecnical capabili-ties between countries. The speed and efficiency of decisions in responding to these events at sea requires a comp-rehensive mechanism that will ensure the real-time production of variables and their flow between stakeholders. This study; It envisages a decision support system that will enable real-time integration and information sharing of authorities responsible for the management of Turkey's marine environment. For this purpose, the stakeholders and variables in the process and how they can be integrated in an organization are revealed.
Pollution of the marine environment in the world due to petroleum and its derivatives and other harmful substances may cause the ecological balance to deteriorate for a long time. For this reason, it is vital to intervene in the pollution as soon as possible and to determine the organization, authorities, and responsibilities of the countries. Although a series of international conventions have entered into force regarding the authorities of states to intervene in marine pollution occurring in the high seas, the legislation that sets the boundaries and includes the clearest practices is the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This convention gives states the authority to intervene in the marine environmental pollution occurring beyond their territorial waters within the borders of the Exclusive Economic Zone and to judge within certain restrictions. Turkey has released the National Emergency Response Plan in 2011 regarding the effective intervention against marine pollution sourced by ship accidents and defined the marine pollution intervention areas. In this study, international conventions regarding determining the jurisdiction and intervention areas for marine pollution has been examined and these areas compared with Turkish marine pollution intervention areas. Consequently, recommendations for discrepancies have been made based on international maritime law.
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