From September, 92 to August, 93 bee sampling was done in a secondary forest near the Pepital River, in Alcântara, MA, in order to study the local Euglossini fauna. Five aromatic compounds were used: eucaliptol, eugenol, methyl salicylate, vanillin, and benzoate. Four hundred sixty-seven male Euglossini bees were captured, distributed in 4 genus and 19 species. Euglossa was the most abundant and with high diversity (302 specimens and 14 species), followed by Eulaema (121; 3), Eufriesea (41; 1), and Exaerete (3; 1). The species which more frequently visited the bait were Euglossa piliventris (141 specimens; 30.19%), Euglossa cingulata (113; 24.21%), Euglossa ignita (45; 9.64%), Eufrieseapulchra (41; 8.78%), and Euglossa gaianii (33; 7.07%) corresponding to 79.88% of the sampling universe. The bees were active throughout the year, however during the rainy season more activity and diversity were observed. The most attractive essence was eucaliptol (44.32% specimens and 84.21% species). In spite of this study having been done in a forest fragment, a secondary vegetation area smaller than other areas studied in Maranhão, it showed a significant diversity rate. This result reinforces the importance of fragments in the conservation of local bee communities.
Estudou-se durante um ano a fauna de abelhas de uma região da Baixada maranhense em Vitória do Mearim — MA. Foram feitas coletas mensais com auxílio de redes entomológicas e armadilhas de cheiro, no período de um ano, totalizando 288 horas de amostragem. Um total de 839 indivíduos de 38 espécies de abelhas pertencentes às famílias Apidae, Megachilidae, Halictidae, Andrenidae e Colletidae foram coletadas nas flores e 72 indivíduos (11 espécies) de Euglossinae em armadilhas com iscas-odoríferas. Scaptotrigona flavisetis Μoure, Trigona pallens Cockerell e Apis mellifera Linnaeus foram as espécies mais abundantes na área. A sazonalidade foi variável de acordo com as diferentes espécies de abelhas. S. flavisetis foi observada em maior número em janeiro e outubro, T. pallens em janeiro e fevereiro e A. mellifera em abril. Das abelhas coletadas em armadilhas, Euglossa (E.) cordata e Ε. (E.) gr. modestior foram as mais abundantes e Eucaliptol foi a isca odorífera que recebeu maior número de visitas.
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