We provided a better symptom control, improved the patient s quality of life (excluding physical and congnitive functions), and patient and family satisfaction levels were higher in the palliative care based case management intervention group, but direct health costs were not affected.

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Physicians and nurses play important roles in helping patients use complementary and alternative medicine safely and accurately. Therefore, as future nurses and physicians, nursing and medical students should have sufficient knowledge of and education on complementary and alternative medicine modalities. In this context, handling complementary and alternative medicine on a scientific scale and including it in nursing and medical students' educational programmes should be among the goals and plans in Turkey.

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These findings support the Turkish language version of the FIQOLS as a valid and reliable instrument.

These results suggest that a first-time HBCEP in Turkey can be successful in having patients adhere to a prescribed exercise program and reduce risk factors. Enhanced self-efficacy may have mediated the improved behavioural outcomes.