RESUMO:O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o conhecimento popular relacionado à espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) entre erveiros e feirantes que comercializam a planta no centro de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, de agosto a outubro de 2013. Entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com questões sobre os saberes e práticas relacionados à espinheira-santa, foram aplicadas a cinco erveiros e três feirantes do mercado informal de plantas medicinais. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a proposta operativa de Minayo, sendo Capra o referencial teórico para este estudo. Foi verificado que o saber relacionado ao uso da espinheira-santa é transmitido de geração a geração, embora existam outras fontes de conhecimento. As indicações do uso popular da espinheira-santa com finalidade terapêutica estão relacionadas a distúrbios gástricos, cicatrização e depuração do sangue. As diferentes formas dos sujeitos deste estudo interagirem com o ambiente, com sua família e em outras relações interpessoais resultam em diferentes saberes relacionados à espinheira-santa. Palavras-chave:Conhecimento popular; plantas medicinais; assistência à saúde.ABSTRACT: Espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss.): knowledge by herbalists and marketers in Pelotas (RS). The aim of this study was to describe the popular knowledge related to the espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) among herbalists and marketers that sell this plant in the center of Pelotas/Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research was performed between August and July of 2013. Semi-structured interviews, with questions regarding the knowledge and practices related to this plant, were applied to five herbalists and three marketers inserted in the informal market of medicinal plants. The operative proposal by Minayo was used in order to analyze the data, and the theoretical framework by Capra was used in the discussion. The popular knowledge related to the use of espinheira-santa is passed on from generation to generation, although nowadays there are other sources ofinformation. The popular clueswith therapeutic purposes are related to gastric disorders, healing and blood clearance. The study participants have different forms of interaction with the environment, the family and other interpersonal relationships, resulting in different popular knowledges related to this medicinal plant. INTRODUÇÃOA saúde é definida como uma sensação de bem-estar, que é resultado de um equilíbrio dinâmico e isto envolve as dimensões físicas e psicológicas do ser humano, bem como as interações advindas do ambiente natural e social (Capra, 2012). A assistência em saúde busca compreender o contexto em que estão envolvidas as pessoas, qual etapa do ciclo vital em que se encontram e principalmente como enxergam o processo saúde e doença. Valorizar a diversidade de contexto cultural possibilita uma forma de cuidado congruente e com vistas à integralidade do ser humano (Michel...

The Zumbi dos Palmares land reform settlement lacks modern facilities for water and sewage treatment. Local farmers often use shallow wells as alternative source of water supply, because the water table is reasonably high in the region. This work presents a multivariate analysis assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters and pesticide residues in water samples collected from these shallow wells. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: conductivity, pH, DOC (dissolved organic carbon), nitrate, turbidity, and bacteriological analysis measuring total and fecal coliforms. The results show non-compliance with Brazilian legal standards in most samples where low pH values were found, characterizing the presence of acidic waters. Another example of non-compliance is the presence of total and fecal coliforms in for drinking water in most of the samples and, in some cases, very high values (2,400 CFU). Some wells showed high conductivity values, probably associated with a history of oceanic intrusion. Analyses determining the contamination by pesticides show the presence of ametrine, atrazine, methyl parathion, carbaryl and hexazinone. The concentration for these compounds ranged from 0.14 to 1.17 μg/L. Ordinance No 2914/2011 from the Brazilian Ministry of Health establishes the acceptable limits for atrazine and methyl parathion as 9 μg L −1 and 2 μg L −1 . None of these exceeded the allowable Brazilian and European limits. However, for the other two pesticides, the European Legislation (Council Directive) recommends the maximum allowable concentration of 0.1 μg L −1 and, 0.5 μg L −1 for total pesticides. Our samples that were above the quantifiable limit of 50 ng L −1 , were also above the European limit values. Our results therefore suggest that water gathered from shallow wells at the Zumbi dos Palmares settlement is not proper for consumption without proper disinfection treatments.

For the first time, the isotope ratio of lead is reported in Brazilian red wines. The lead concentration and the ratios of Pb ratio data demonstrated that the wines of the Southern region have radiogenic features, whereas the wines of the Northeastern region ranged from slightly to very radiogenic. These results indicated that the lead concentrations in the wines from these Brazilian regions are influenced both by agricultural practices and by natural occurrences. Isotope ratios allowed for differentiation among the wines produced in these two important wine producing areas in Brazil and are emerging as a promising tool in the study of the geographical origin of Brazilian wines.

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For the first time, the boron isotopic ratio is reported for Brazilian red wines. The boron concentration, 11 B/ 10 B isotopic ratio and δ 11 B were determined in 89 red wines produced in Campanha Gaúcha, Serra Gaúcha ( ). The obtained 11 B/ 10 B ratios were quite different from those observed in the literature. The ratios were quite similar among the Southern Brazilian wine producing areas, but a large difference was observed when compared with the Northeastern wines, allowing for the differentiation between these two important Brazilian wine regions. The results have also shown that is possible, based on the boron isotopic ratio, to differentiate the Brazilian red wines from Chilean, Italian and Portuguese red wine.

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