The insertion of large organic cations in metal halide perovskites with reduced-dimensional (RD) crystal structures increases crystal formation energy and regulates the growth orientation of the inorganic domains.H owever,t he power conversion performance is curtailed by the insulating nature of the bulky cations.N ow as eries of RD perovskites with 2thiophenmethylammonium (TMA) as the intercalating cation are investigated. Compared with traditional ligands,T MA demonstrates improved electron transfer in the inorganic framework. TMA modifies the near-band-edge integrity of the RD perovskite,i mproving hole transport. Ap ower conversion efficiency of 19 %i sa chieved, the highest to date for TMA-based RD perovskite photovoltaics;t hese TMA devices providea12 %r elative increase in PCE compared to control RD perovskite devices that use PEA as the intercalating ligand, ar esult of the improved charge transfer from the inorganic layer to the organic ligands.
The insertion of large organic cations in metal halide perovskites with reduced-dimensional (RD) crystal structures increases crystal formation energy and regulates the growth orientation of the inorganic domains.H owever,t he power conversion performance is curtailed by the insulating nature of the bulky cations.N ow as eries of RD perovskites with 2thiophenmethylammonium (TMA) as the intercalating cation are investigated. Compared with traditional ligands,T MA demonstrates improved electron transfer in the inorganic framework. TMA modifies the near-band-edge integrity of the RD perovskite,i mproving hole transport. Ap ower conversion efficiency of 19 %i sa chieved, the highest to date for TMA-based RD perovskite photovoltaics;t hese TMA devices providea12 %r elative increase in PCE compared to control RD perovskite devices that use PEA as the intercalating ligand, ar esult of the improved charge transfer from the inorganic layer to the organic ligands.
Hybrids comprising hollow mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon (HMC) nanospheres and metal-oxide nanoparticles were prepared through a hydrothermal synthesis. These materials exhibit excellent bifunctional catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER, respectively) that are core to the efficient operation of Zn-air batteries. When incorporated into prototype devices, Co 3 O 4 and MnCo 2 O 4 nanoparticle-decorated HMC exhibited discharge potentials of 1.26 and 1.28 V at 10 mA cm À 2 , respectively. 'CoFeNiO'-decorated HMC exhibited a charging potential of 1.96 V at 10 mA cm À 2 . These metrics are far superior to benchmark PtÀ Ru, which displayed discharge and charging potentials of 1.25 and 2.01 V, respectively, at the same current density. The battery equipped with Co 3 O 4 -decorated HMC demonstrated 63 % initial efficiency before cycling. After cycling at 10 mA cm À 2 for 100 hours, the battery efficiency was maintained at 56.5 %, outperforming the battery with PtÀ Ru (50.2 % after 50 h).
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