As chip multiprocessors scale to a greater number of processing cores, on-chip interconnection networks will experience dramatic increases in both bandwidth demand and power dissipation. Fortunately, promising gains can be realized via integration of Radio Frequency Interconnect (RF-I) through on-chip transmission lines with traditional interconnects implemented with RC wires. While prior work has considered the latency advantage of RF-I, we demonstrate three further advantages of RF-I: (1) RF-I bandwidth can be flexibly allocated to provide an adaptive NoC, (2) RF-I can enable a dramatic power and area reduction by simplification of NoC topology, and (3) RF-I provides natural
The development of economical, highly active, and robust electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the major obstacles for producing affordable water splitting systems and metal‐air batteries. Herein, it is reported that the subnanometric CoOx clusters with high oxidation state substitutionally dispersed in the lattice of rutile TiO2 support (Co‐TiO2) can be prepared by a thermally induced phase segregation process. Owing to the strong interaction of CoOx clusters and TiO2 support, Co‐TiO2 exhibits both excellent intrinsic activity and durability for OER. The turnover frequency of Co‐TiO2 is up to 3.250 s−1 at overpotentials of 350 mV; this value is one of the highest in terms of OER performance among the current Co‐based active materials under similar testing conditions; moreover, the OER current density loss is only 6.5% at a constant overpotential of 400 mV for 30 000 s, which is superior to the benchmark Co3O4 and RuO2 catalysts. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that charge transfer occurs between Co sites and their neighboring Ti atoms, triggering the efficient CoTi cooperative catalytic centers, in which OH* and O* are preferred to be adsorbed on the bridging sites of Co and Ti with favorable adsorption energy, inducing a lower energy barrier for O2 generation.
Maximum likelihood supervised classification and post-classification change detection techniques were applied to Landsat MSS/TM images acquired in 1976, 1986, 1995, 2000, and 2005 to map land cover changes in the Small Sanjiang Plain in northeast China. A hotspots study identified land use changes in two National Nature Reserves. These were the Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR) and the Sanjiang National Nature Reserve (SNNR). Landscape metrics were used in both reserves to identify marsh landscape pattern dynamics. The results showed that the Small Sanjiang plain had been subject to much change. This resulted from direct and indirect impacts of human activities. Direct impacts, resulting in marsh loss, were associated with widespread reclamation for agriculture. Indirect impacts (mainly in HNNR) resulted from alterations to the marsh hydrology and this degraded the marsh ecosystem. Marsh landscape patterns changed significantly due to direct impacts in SNNR between 1976SNNR between and 1986SNNR between and again between 2000SNNR between and 2005 in HNNR between1976 and1986. Indirect impacts in HNNR after 1986 appeared to cause little change. It was concluded that effective wetland protection measures are needed, informed by the change analysis.
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