Highly monodisperse hybrid spherical silica nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 30 to 200 nm were prepared by a one-step emulsion polymerization in aqueous solution. In contrast with the former method for preparing the hybrid silica materials, our method has three advantages. (1) Through this one-pot route, hybrid silica particles with organic functional groups on the surface are prepared in aqueous solution. (2) The particles are created in a size range of 30-200 nm and highly monodisperse. (3) The size of the particles can be effectively well-defined and precisely controlled depending upon the synthesis conditions such as the concentration of surfactant. Other kinds of organosilane monomers have also been tried in the same way. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed to elucidate the morphologies of the hybrid silica particles. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (29)Si NMR, and (13)C NMR were used to gain information about thermal properties and detail structure. This approach may open a new broad avenue for the hybrid material in the field of photocrystal, electronic enveloping.
Abstract. Hepatitis E is a worldwide public health problem, especially in areas with poor sanitation. This study examines the potential hepatitis E virus (HEV) animal reservoirs and the current status of HEV infection among animals and humans in an endemic area of Xinjiang, China. One thousand five hundred twenty-one serum samples from 12 different animal species and 296 sera from humans were detected for anti-HEV with an in-house enzyme immunoassay, and partial HEV RNA was amplified with a reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR). All these distinct animal species, except jerboa and hoptoad, were positive for anti-HEV. However, HEV RNA was only amplified from pigs and a sporadic hepatitis E case in humans. The human HEV strain (CHN-XJ-HE29) shared 100% nucleotide identity with the swine HEV strain (CHN-XJ-SW50), both of which were collected from the same district; this indicates the possibility of HEV transmission from swine to humans in an endemic area.
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