The purpose of the current study was to investigate the abnormal expression of Col X, PTHrP, TGF-beta, bFGF, and VEGF in cartilage from patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) to understand the pathogenesis of chondronecrosis in KBD. Articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage collected were divided into four groups: control children (8 samples, 5 cases), KBD children (19 samples, 9 cases), control adults (8 samples, 6 cases), and KBD adults (16 samples, 15 cases). The presence of PTHrP, TGF-beta1, bFGF, VEGF, and collagen X in articular cartilage and in growth plate cartilage was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Articular cartilage and growth plate were each divided in three zones, and the rate of positive cells was counted by light microscope for cytoplasmic and pericellular staining. Results showed that (1) in KBD children, Col X expression was lower in the deep zone of growth plate cartilage than in normal children; in articular cartilage of KBD adults, however, collagen X expression was higher in the middle zone compared to the controls; (2) staining for bFGF, PTHrP, TGF-beta1, and VEGF in KBD adult patients was prominent in the chondrocyte clusters and the eroded surface of articular cartilage, and the percentage of chondrocyte staining was significantly higher than in control samples (t = 3.64-10.34, df = 12 for children and 19 for adults, P = 0.002-0.0001); and (3) the enhanced PTHrP, TGF-beta1, and VEGF staining in the deep and middle zone of KBD articular cartilage correlated with the high incidence of chondronecrosis in the middle zone (48.5% +/- 10.2%) and deep zone (70.6% +/- 27.0%) of adult KBD cartilage. In conclusion, Col X expression was reduced in areas of chondrocyte necrosis in the deep zone of KBD articular cartilage, indicating changes in terminal chondrocyte differentiation. PTHrP, TGF-beta1, and VEGF expression was significantly altered and indicated degenerative changes in KBD cartilage, which initially resemble those occurring in osteoarthritis, but lead eventually to chondronecrosis, an event not observed in osteoarthritis.
Bronchial pneumonia, also known as lobular pneumonia, is a common infectious disease in children, especially in toddlers and infants. 1 Bronchial pneumonia in children often occurs in winter and spring, when the weather is cold and unpredictable. Bronchial pneumonia in children is usually induced by pathogenic infection, such as bacteria, viruses, molds, mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as superinfection of viruses and bacteria. 2,3 The primary clinical symptoms include high grade fever, cough, breathlessness, and permanent pulmonary medium or fine moist rales, even respiratory failure in some severe cases. [4][5][6] Current available therapeutic drugs for the treatment of bronchial pneumonia
Objective: This study describes the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Tianjin caused by a novel coronavirus and provides the scientific basis for prevention and control measures. Methods: Data from COVID-19 cases were collected from daily notifications given to the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China and Tianjin Health Committee. All of the data were analyzed with SPSS, version 24.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Results: As of February 24, 2020, there have been 135 confirmed cases, 3 deaths, and 87 recoveries in Tianjin, China. The incidence of COVID-19 was 8.65/1 000 000 with a 2.22% case fatality rate. Regarding geographic distribution, the incidence was 8.82 per 1 000 000 in urban areas and 8.00 per 1 000 000 in suburbs. During the early stage of the epidemic, most cases came from urban areas and in patients with a history of sojourning in Hubei Province. The majority of patients were 31–70 years old (75.97%). A familial clustering was the most important characteristic of COVID-19 (accounting for 74.81%). Conclusions: Current information suggests that people are generally susceptible to COVID-19, which has shown a familial clustering in Tianjin.
BP within the range of 120-139/80-89 mmHg during pregnancy, as previously defined as prehypertension, particularly in late pregnancy, was associated with a 59% increase in the risk of having an SGA birth.
We investigated the clinical features of bone and joint lesions in children with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and the association of these features with their parents to determine specific clinical features for diagnosing KBD. A total of 2,248 children (4 to 18 years old) and their parents were examined by stratified cluster sampling from 33 villages in six endemic counties and from six villages in a non-endemic county. We collected individual information, clinical symptoms, and radiological signs of the right hand. KBD in children and their parents was assessed using the "Diagnosis Criteria of Kashin-Beck disease in China (WS/T207-2010)." Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the correlation of clinical features between parents and offspring with KBD. The rates of clinical features in children were correlated with those in parents (P < 0.01). The parents of child cases had higher rates of clinical features than the parents of child controls. The prevalence of radiographic alterations in the distal end of the phalanges in the parents of child cases was significantly higher than that in the parents of child controls (father, χ (2) = 14.83, P = 0.001; mother, χ (2) = 10.41, P = 0.001). The parents of child cases were more likely to be KBD cases than the parents of controls (adjusted odds ratio, 4.4-12.1). Recognizing significant correlations in clinical features between children and their parents with KBD is helpful for early clinical diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity. Some clinical features of KBD, such as radiographic alterations in the distal end of the phalanges, might be useful for diagnosing KBD.
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