Compared with the transform domain video watermarking algorithms, the spatial watermarking algorithms have weak robustness, but they have high visual quality. To ensure the video quality and satisfy the robustness requirement, a robust video watermarking algorithm based on spatial domain is proposed. Firstly, the video sequence is divided into five frames as a group. Secondly, We use luminance adaptive and edge mask to select the embedding area and determine the embedding strength adaptively. Then, the watermark information is embedded by fine-tuning the luminance trend of five consecutive frames. Finally, watermark information is extracted by the overall luminance of video sequences. Experimental results show that compared with the transform domain algorithms, the proposed algorithm makes a balance between robustness and visual quality, it improves the video quality and meets the robustness requirement under scaling, compression and recoding.
the 543 β-catenin-related genes based on the gene ontology (GO) categories (Rual et al., 2005). 2.3 Pathway and gene network analysis Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer (EASE) was used to analyze KEGG pathways. Over representation of genes in a KEGG pathway was present if a larger fraction of genes within that pathway was differentially expressed compared to all other genes in the genome. The '-catenin-verb-gene' relationships retrieved by our NLP system were filtered by pathway enrichment analysis. The links between -catenin and related genes were visualized using Cytoscape software (Lopez & Blobel, 2008) (http://www.cytoscape.org/). Genes were grouped according to pathway. Genes that are involved in multiple pathways were assigned to a single pathway with the smallest enrichment p-value. Integrating PubMed text mining, homology prediction, gene neighbor, protein-protein interaction, gene fusion and other data sources through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins(STRING) , we created the β-catenin related genes knowledge-driven network (Sousa et al., 2004; Uetz et al., 2000). 3. Experimental results 3.1 Identification of β-catenin interaction genes Query of β-catenin on Pubmed with: (catenin OR CTNNB OR CTNNB1) AND ("1980/01/01"[PDAT]: "2009/05/24"[PDAT]) led to the identification of 10018 articles describing putative interactions between β-catenin and other genes. Titles containing the βcatenin gene along with a proper interaction verb and another gene were selected for further analysis. A total of 543 genes with published interaction with β-catenin were identified (scheme describing the NLP process, Fig. 1; visualization of the 543 genes Fig. 2).
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