Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been considered a promising technology for nuclear safeguard inspection, especially for isotope content ratio determination, since it can be easily designed for portable, fast, and in situ measurement. However, it was a challenge to determine hydrogen isotopes in metal samples due to the unfavorable spectral interference, the poor calibration of the hydrogen content, and the small difference between the atomic emission intensity of hydrogen isotopes at around 656.28 nm. This paper presents the determination of hydrogen isotope contents ratio using LIBS under partially baseline-resolved conditions. The results show that by introducing a proper buffer atmosphere for the LIBS measurement, the resolution of the hydrogen and deuterium emissions could be improved, but still not enabled, by a baseline resolution with a moderate resolution spectrometer. However, with the method of integral intensity correction, the accurate quantitative measurement of hydrogen and deuterium contents in a metal matrix could be achieved. This work provided the possibilities for the further development of LIBS in hydrogen isotopes in in situ measurement for nuclear safeguards.
The local structures and the spin Hamiltonian parameters (SHPs) for Cu2+in (90–x)TeO2–10GeO2–xWO3glasses are theoretically investigated at various WO3concentrations (x=7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 mol%). Subject to the Jahn-Teller effect, the [CuO6]10−groups are found to experience the small or moderate tetragonal elongation distortions (characterised by the relative tetragonal elongation ratiosρ≈0.35–3.09%) in C4axis. With only three adjusted coefficientsa,bandω, the relevant model parameters (Dq,kandρ) are described by the Fourier type and linear functions, respectively, and the measured concentration dependences of the d–d transition bands and SHPs are reproduced. The maximum ofg∥and the minimum of |A∥| atx=15 mol% are illustrated from the abrupt decrease of the copper–oxygen electron cloud admixtures or covalency and the obvious decline of the copper 3d–3s (4s) orbital admixtures due to the decreasing electron cloud density around oxygen ligands spontaneously bonding with Cu2+and Te4+(W6+), respectively.
The retention and release of deuterium in W–2%Y2O3 composite materials and commercially pure tungsten after they have been implanted by deuterium plasma (flux ∼ 3.71 × 1021 D/m2⋅s, energy ∼ 25 eV, and fluence up to 1.3 × 1026 D/m2) are studied. The results show that the total amount of deuterium released from W–2%Y2O3 is 5.23 × 1020 D/m2(2.5 K/min), about 2.5 times higher than that from the pure tungsten. Thermal desorption spectra (TDS) at different heating rates (2.5 K/min–20 K/min) reveal that both W and W–2%Y2O3 have two main deuterium trapped sites. For the low temperature trap, the deuterium desorption activation energy is 0.85 eV (grain boundary) in W, while for high temperature trap, the desorption activation energy is 1.57 eV (vacancy) in W and 1.73 eV (vacancy) in W–2%Y2O3.
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