The 2019 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) Practice Recommendations were prepared by a committee invited by the ISPD to develop new practice recommendations for prescribing high-quality, goal-directed peritoneal dialysis (PD). Further input was sought at the stage of the first draft of the proposed recommendations by circulating drafts of the recommendations and articles to an international selection of people who were either actively doing PD or who were previously treated with PD, as well as caregivers, to ask for their feedback. A diverse group of 22 people from 8 countries across 5 continents provided their feedback covering the main recommendations as well as the accompanying articles. Much of the feedback has been acted upon at the revision stages, however, the responses are published here in summary form to underscore the commitment to hearing the voice of those doing PD or caring for them. A key change that arose from the feedback has been the shift of language from “patient-centred” to “person-centered,” reflecting the desire of these recommendations to address the patient as a person with needs and preferences beyond just the medical perspective, along with the need for the person doing PD to be central to the process of shared decision-making. Notwithstanding the challenges of an international, multi-lingual population, with people doing PD in highly diverse geographic and economic environments, the next iteration of ISPD guidelines should consider the role of people doing PD and their carers in evidence-based coproduced guidelines, from the inception of the guidelines.
It has been proved in the past half century that high-stakes tests hinder more than promote instruction. The College Entrance Examination (CEE) in China has thus been in widely questioned. When it comes to curriculum reform this century, the question becomes how has curriculum reform been implemented in the classroom? What role does the CEE play in it? A qualitative study of three high schools of different levels in a city of central China shows that transmission classes emphasizing teachers' cramming and students' passive memorizing are predominant in classrooms, with about one-third of comprehensive classes based on constructivism. Transformative classes calling for students' positive inquisition and comprehensive development are still highly unusual. The CEE is a "ferocious" controller of teaching and learning. Though instruction is, in some way, promoted by CEE reform, it still has a long way to go to break itself out from a test-oriented predicament. It is, then, necessary to launch a structural reform of the CEE, change the teachers' beliefs and develop their competence in curriculum implementation.
The straits of ecological development in the forestry industry and the problems existing in the industrial forestry system are currently the main focus of policy-making research in China, to alleviate the contradiction between forestry economic development and the ecological environment, as well as evaluate the level and trend of the ecological development in China’s forestry industry. This paper analyzed the status of ecological development in China’s forestry industry via public data, constructed a novel evaluation index system for forestry industrial ecological development, and proposed a hybrid ensemble approach combined with principal component analysis, entropy weights, and fuzzy-DEMATEL to synthetically evaluate the ecological development level and system coordination of the forestry industry in each province of China. The experimental results show that technological innovation ability is the most significant restriction for the ecological development of China’s forestry industry. Obvious regional differences in the promotion degree of ecological development and the coordination of various elements throughout the country has also been confirmed. Findings of our research could be used for promoting the green transformation and upgrading of the forestry industry, and providing targeted practical countermeasures according to local conditions for governments at all levels.
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