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Intelligent manufacturing is developing rapidly nowadays, promoting the efficiency of manufacturing. In comparison, the design process has become a bottleneck in the product life cycle. In order to address this problem, this research develops an intelligent design method based on the automobile transmission system. Firstly, a mathematical model of the coupled vibration between the drive shaft and the main reducer was developed, and the vibration responses of the transmission system were simulated based on this mathematical model. Then, a test rig was developed to measure the vibration responses of the system; the measured results correlated well with the simulation results, indicating that the mathematical model can be used to investigate the coupled vibration between the drive shaft and the main reducer. Furthermore, the multiple parameters of the transmission system were optimized based on the mathematical model using the intelligent optimization algorithm. In particular, software was developed based on the intelligent optimization algorithm for the convenience of analysis, and the optimized results were acquired. The analysis results show that the vibration responses can be reduced when the optimized parameters are applied, indicating that the intelligent design method developed in this research is effective for the intelligent design of transmission system.

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Background and purpose: Surgery is recommended as the treatment of choice for hemorrhagic Moyamoya disease (MMD). The rationale of surgery and the choice of procedure are poorly understood. The aim of this paper is to present latest evidence, from cellular, biomechanical and population data, surgical treatment options and their effect on the outcome of hemorrhagic MMD. Methods: We systematically reviewed the latest evidence from cellular, biomechanical and populational studies including our own meta-analysis for rationalization of management of MMD. We searched major databases from inception to latest articles available till October 2018. All major breakthroughs including basic research to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and human case–control studies related to hemorrhagic MMD were included. Our meta-analysis was performed in accordance to the standard Cochrane. Result: Evidence at cellular, biomechanical and RCT levels was presented. For our meta-analysis, we included eight studies, totaling at 632 patients. Our results rationalized the use of surgical methods in support of surgical management of MMD. We showed that surgery in MMD resulted in a significant lower risk of future stroke ([Formula: see text], 95% [Formula: see text]–0.38). Among different surgical methods, the indirect bypass group had a lower risk for sedentary stroke risk reduction compared with the direct bypass group (RR[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]3.36, 95% CI[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]1.53–7.36). No significant differences were observed in perioperative complications between the two methods. Conclusion: Surgery remains a mainstay for the management of MMD. We concluded that current evidence in biomechanical and our own meta-analysis is in support of surgery being an effective management of hemorrhagic MMD. We deduced insights into research for early detection, characterization and follow up of patients with MMD.

Background pUL21 is a conserved protein of Alphaherpesvirinae and exhibits multiple important functions. The C-terminus of pUL21 in other members of this subfamily has RNA-binding ability; this domain contributes to pseudorabies virus (PRV) retrograde axonal transport in vitro and in vivo and participates in newly replicated viral DNA packaging and intracellular virus transport. However, little is known about duck enteritis virus (DEV) pUL21. Methods In our study, recombinant pUL21 was expressed using apET-32c (+) vector in Escherichia coli BL21 cells induced with 0.4 mM isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside for 8 h at 30°C. The antibody for indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and western blotting (WB) analysis were then prepared. Pharmacological inhibition, WB and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) were performed. A coimmunoprecipitation (CO-IP) assay was conducted to test the interaction between pUL21 and pUL16. Results We verified that DEV UL21 is a γ2 gene and encodes a structural protein. Moreover, we observed that pUL21 localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. DEV pUL21 interacted with pUL16 and formed a complex in transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells and DEV-infected duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). These results were further confirmed by CO-IP assays. Conclusions The DEV UL21 gene is a late gene, and the pUL21 localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. DEV UL21 is a virion component. In addition, pUL21 can interacts with pUL16. These findings provide insight into the characteristics of UL21 and the interaction between pUL21 and binding partner pUL16. Our study enhances understanding of DEV pUL21.