A novel bifunctional chiral thiourea organocatalyst bearing a glycosyl scaffold and a tertiary amino group was synthesized starting from readily available alpha-D-glucose. This thiourea was proven to be an effective organocatalyst for the asymmetric aza-Henry reaction between N-Boc imines and nitromethane. The corresponding adducts were obtained in good to excellent yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99.8% ee). In addition, the reaction of nitroethane also proceeded smoothly with excellent enantioselectivity, albeit with low to good diastereoselectivities.

A bifunctional chiral thiourea organocatalyst bearing a glycosyl scaffold and a tertiary amino group proved to be an effective organocatalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins. The corresponding adducts

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In the presence of an effective air-stable nucleophilic trialkylphosphane orgaocatalyst, 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, N-diethoxythiophosphorylimines 1 and N-diphenylthiophosphinoylimines 2 exhibited good reactivity in the methyl vinyl ketone or methyl acrylate based aza-MoritaBaylis-Hillman reaction. The corresponding products were obtained in fair-to-excellent chemical yields. Moreover, the

A convenient and practical method for the preparation of N-thiophosphoryl imines was developed through the thermal condensation of acetals with different thiophosphoramides at

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In this study, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was refill friction spot welded, and the precipitates, dislocation, recovery, and recrystallization characteristics were focused. In the stir zone (SZ), continues dynamic recrystallization occurs under the intense plastic deformation. All the original GP (II) zones and η' precipitates dissolved into the aluminum matrix under the welding heat input, and the stable η and E precipitates remained. In the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), high-density dislocations and subgrains boundaries can be observed. The continued dynamic recrystallization was not activated and only dynamic recovery occurs. Sub-boundaries and high-density dislocations in this zone can be observed. In this zone, the η precipitates are coarsened and dissolution is the main evolution mechanism for the GP (II) zones and η' precipitates. In the heat-affected zone (HAZ), no dislocation was induced and all the initial precipitates were coarsened under the welding heat input. The HAZ, the TMAZ, and the SZ constitute a soft region in the refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) joint, and the minimum value located at the interface between the HAZ and the TMAZ.

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