SummaryThe fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are important for embryo development, wound healing, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. FGF-1, a member of FGF family, is involved in both receptor-dependent pathways and an intracrine pathway. Studies have recently shown that FGF-1 is overexpressed in the early stages of several kinds of cancer. Thus, FGF-1 is a candidate for cancer immunotargeting. To study the potential use of therapeutic antibodies against FGF-1, a monoclonal hybridoma 1C9 secreting monoclonal antibody specific for FGF-1 was developed. Then, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody was genetically engineered from hybridama 1C9. The binding of the scFv1C9 to the antigen FGF-1 was demonstrated by ELISA and immunoprecipitation assays. Functional analysis showed that the overexpressed scFv1C9 in MCF-7 cells targeted endogenous FGF-1 and prevented the translocation of FGF-1 into the nucleus, resulting in the blockade of the intracrine pathway of FGF-1, which caused the G1 arrest by p21 up-regulation. These results suggest that the generated scFv1C9 is an effective inhibitor of the intracrine pathway of FGF-1 and has a potential application as anti-tumoral agent in breast cancer.
Direct propane dehydrogenation (PDH)
is an economically
competitive
and environmentally friendly industrial scheme used to produce propylene.
Beyond the traditional Pt or Cr oxide catalyst, in this study, we
focus on 3N-coordinated transition-metal single-atom catalysts confined
within graphene (TM1-N3/C) for PDH due to their
open coordination configuration with tunable capability for C–H
activation. A total of 29 TM1-N3/C catalysts,
covering the majority of 3d–5d transition metals, are systematically
screened by first-principles mechanistic exploration and microkinetic
modeling to assess their stability, activity, and selectivity; particularly,
we considered the possible side reactions and the coverage effect
of dominant intermediate for the realistic industrial application.
Only six TM1-N3/C catalysts containing early
TMs (TM = Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, La, Hf) are found to be stable at the working
conditions of ∼900 K, owing to the unsaturation of the 3N-coordinated
single-atom structure. A volcano-type activity trend is obtained with
the adsorption energy of propylene being the key descriptor, which
shows that TM1-N3/C generally exhibit higher
activities than conventional catalysts. This is attributed to the
openness of TM1-N3/C that makes the TM1 intrinsically more active and the transition states or intermediates
highly mobile (with larger than the expected entropy retained) at
900 K. Moreover, the side reactions and the coverage effect are also
demonstrated to be prominent. After a thorough consideration of all
of the influencing factors, we find that TM1-N3/C (TM = Ti, Zr, Hf) could be promising catalysts for practical applications
with superior activities compared to the traditional Pt(111) catalyst.
This study provides a comprehensive picture for the theoretical screening
of TM1-N3/C for PDH and may pave the way for
the use of low-coordination single-atom catalysts to enhance PDH in
experiments.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Scapharca subcrenata was determined in this report. It is 48,161 bp in length, being the largest mitochondrial genome among reported shellfish at present. The entire mitochondrial genome consists of 57 genes including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 41 transfer RNAs.
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