Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important biopotential, and has been widely applied in clinical applications. The conventional EEG electrode with conductive gels is usually used for measuring EEG. However, the use of conductive gel also encounters with the issue of drying and hardening. Recently, many dry EEG electrodes based on different conductive materials and techniques were proposed to solve the previous issue. However, measuring EEG in the hairy site is still a difficult challenge. In this study, a novel active comb-shaped dry electrode was proposed to measure EEG in hairy site. Different form other comb-shaped or spike-shaped dry electrodes, it can provide more excellent performance of avoiding the signal attenuation, phase distortion, and the reduction of common mode rejection ratio. Even under walking motion, it can effectively acquire EEG in hairy site. Finally, the experiments for alpha rhythm and steady-state visually evoked potential were also tested to validate the proposed electrode.

Using orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) format for passive optical network (PON) is a subject of great interest for recent research works. OFDM signal has high spectral efficiency, high tolerance to the fiber chromatic dispersion and the high flexibility on both multiple services provisioning and dynamic bandwidth allocation. In this paper we study the use of OFDM signals for optical access networks, including carrier distributed PON, heterogeneous optical wired/wireless network and a 100 Gb/s OFDM-PON. We first quantify the performance of the OFDM signal when subjected to the noise produced by two different Rayleigh backscattering (RB) components that are present in the carrier-distributed PON. Then, based on these results, we also study the possibility of using OFDM for signal remodulation in a long-reach (LR)-PON. We propose carrier-distributed OFDM PONs using a dual-feeder fiber architecture and wavelength-shifting to mitigate the RB noise. Afterwards, we propose heterogeneous optical wired/wireless access networks, combining 10 Gb/s PON and 10 Gb/s OFDM radio-over-fiber (ROF) network. Finally, we propose a 100 Gb/s OFDM-PON using subcarrier multiplexing (SCM). Index Terms-passive optical networks (PONs), orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM), Rayleigh backscattering, heterogeneous wired/wireless network.

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SUMMARY : New information on catch‐at‐age composition and length–weight relationships is presented for Pacific northern bluefin tuna caught by Taiwanese small‐scale longliners in the southwestern North Pacific. The fork length – eviscerated weight relationship of Pacific northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught off southwestern North Pacific (off the Taiwan coast) was determined and compared with relationships previously reported by various studies for different waters. The best representative of this relationship is W = 0.000023058L2.9342, where W is the eviscerated weight (kg) and L the fork length (cm). The eviscerated weights estimated from this relationship were multiplied by a scaling factor of 1.112 to obtain the estimated round weight. The visual comparison of weight‐at‐length showed that there were almost no differences between the relationships previously reported for the northwestern Pacific, the Sea of Japan and the present study. This indicated that Pacific northern bluefin tuna from those three waters could be of the same stock. Further assessment studies should combine information from those waters.

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