Based on research into the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the manufacturing industry in recent years, we analyze the rapid development of core technologies in the new era of 'Internet plus AI', which is triggering a great change in the models, means, and ecosystems of the manufacturing industry, as well as in the development of AI. We then propose new models, means, and forms of intelligent manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing system architecture, and intelligent manufacturing technology system, based on the integration of AI technology with information communications, manufacturing, and related product technology. Moreover, from the perspectives of intelligent manufacturing application technology, industry, and application demonstration, the current development in intelligent manufacturing is discussed. Finally, suggestions for the application of AI in intelligent manufacturing in China are presented.

Predicting pathogens in SSI using preoperative oral swabs did not demonstrate a good concordance in general for patients undergoing clean-contaminated head and neck surgery, although concordance for certain pathogenic species seem to be higher than for typical intraoral commensals. The rapid development of resistance to clindamycin precludes its use as a prophylactic agent.

SummaryWe compared the postoperative effects, in particular nausea and vomiting, of two commonly used anaesthetic agents, isoflurane and desflurane, in patients undergoing day-case arthroscopic surgery. We found a significantly higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in those patients receiving desflurane. In our study, desflurane was associated with a higher incidence of peroperative respiratory complications, including airway irritability and coughing. Accepted: 20 February 1998 Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a major side-effect of general anaesthesia [1]. If PONV occurs in patients undergoing day-case surgery, it may result in delayed discharge, or even overnight admission. Hence an anaesthetic agent with a good recovery profile is particularly advantageous for day-case surgery. Desflurane, a relatively new fast-acting agent, is an attractive agent for day-case surgery [2][3][4]. Theoretically, its low blood/gas solubility should ensure rapid offset. However, its emetogenic potential has not been thoroughly investigated. In our study, we compared the effects of this drug with isoflurane, an agent which has been widely used in a day-case environment [5]. MethodsWith the approval of the local ethics committee and after written informed consent had been obtained, we studied 156 ASA physical status 1 and 2 unpremedicated patients who were scheduled for day-case arthroscopic knee surgery. Patients studied were between the ages of 16 and 70 years. Pre-operatively, details of medical history, including PONV, smoking and current medications, were noted. The patients' weights and blood pressures were recorded.Patients with previous adverse reactions to any of the proposed anaesthetic agents were not studied.In the anaesthetic room, the patient was monitored with noninvasive blood pressure and pulse oximetry. Intravenous access was established and propofol (3-4 mg.kg À1 ) was used to induce anaesthesia. This was supplemented with a single bolus of fentanyl (1-1.5 g.kg À1 ). Ventilation was gently supported with 100% oxygen until diminished muscle tone allowed insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). The LMA was secured and a capnograph was attached. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either isoflurane or desflurane in a mixture of 33% oxygen in nitrous oxide. Manual ventilation was discontinued when spontaneous respiration recommenced.In the operating theatre, the electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide were assessed continuously. Noninvasive blood pressure was measured every 3 min. The selected volatile agent was administered at a concentration approximating to twice MAC for a period of 3 min. After this time, the inspired vapour concentration was adjusted according to clinical assessment of the patient's requirements; 4-7% for desflurane and 1-2.5% for isoflurane, previous studies having demonstrated these to balance appropriate anaesthetic Anaesthesia, 1998 910ᮊ 1998 Blackwell Science Ltd depth with cardiovascular and respiratory stability. Any ca...

Following treatment with LA, neurotoxicity symptoms were significantly improved in cancer patients with OIPN. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate the role of LA as a therapeutic option in the management of OIPN.

We used the freestyle perforator-based fasciocutaneous flap for pressure sore management with good success. These flaps are easy to design and provide good versatility for coverage. Cooperation of surgical skills and good postoperative care also contributed to the lower recurrence rates and satisfactory results.

In this paper, we demonstrate that the the bandwidth of the supercontinuum spectrum generated in a large mode area sapphire fiber can be enhanced by employing triple pumping sources. Three pumping sources with wavelengths of 784 nm, 1290 nm, and 2000 nm are launched into a single crystal sapphire fiber that is 5 cm in length and has a core diameter of 115 microm. The nonlinear interactions due to self-phase modulation and four-wave mixing form a broadband supercontinuum that covers the UV, visible, near-IR and lower mid-IR regions. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of generating a broadband supercontinuum expanding from the UV to far-IR region by increasing the number of pumping sources with wavelengths in the mid- and far-IR.

In this paper, we conduct a quantitative study on the physical mechanism of electrons dynamics near the nanostructured metal film surfaces, as well as the efficiency of generated terahertz radiation associated with different types of nanostructures. The simulation results show that although the oscillating motion of emitted electrons outside the metal surface may affect the terahertz generation efficiency to some extent, this efficiency is predominantly determined by the electric field magnitude inside the metal film associated with nanostructure enhanced plasmonic excitations. Due to the field enhancement effect of the nanostructure, an appropriately designed nanostructured surface could greatly enhance the strength of generated terahertz signal via the increased nonlinear interactions between the light and the nanostructures.

In this paper, an investigation on broadband IR supercontinuum generation in single crystal sapphire fibers is presented. It is experimentally demonstrated that broadband IR supercontinuum spectrum (up to 3.2microm) can be achieved by launching ultra-short femtosecond laser pulses into single crystal sapphire fiber with a dimension 115microm in diameter and 5cm in length, which covers both the near IR spectral region and the lower end of the mid-IR spectral range. Furthermore, the mechanism of supercontinuum generation in single crystal sapphire fibers is briefly addressed. When the fiber length is shorter than the dispersion length, the self-phase modulation dominates the broadening effect. In this case, the broad supercontinuum spectrum with a smooth profile can be obtained. However, when the fiber length is longer than the dispersion length, the soliton-related dynamics accompanied by the self-phase modulation dominates the broadening effect. There are discrete spikes in the spectrum (corresponding to different order solitons). The above assumption of supercontinuum generation mechanism is quantitatively modeled by the computer simulation program and verified by the experimental results. Thus, one can adjust the spectral profile by properly choosing the length of the sapphire fibers. The broad IR spectral nature of this supercontinuum source can be very useful in a variety of applications such as broadband LADAR, remote sensing, and multi-spectrum free space communications.