The effects of variation in household age-sex composition on food expenditures are not, conventionally, accounted for when food expenditures are expressed on a per capita basis. Because households differ in physical makeup as well as in their ability to generate income, the specific requirements certain household members place on the family budget raise the problem of determing their relative economic position. The per capita approach fails to reflect the effect of variations in household composition on food expenditures. Therefore, it is desirable to isolate the normal food expenditure relation to the “household-specific” effects.
Elnaghccb, AH., Florkowski, W.J., Huang, Ci-L, and Halbrcndt, C; 1992. Willingncss to pay for pST-treated pork, Agric. Econ.,.The progrcss in porcine somatotropin (pST) application justilïed an assessment of consumer acccptance of pST-treated pork. A survey of the Atlanta metropolitan arca, USA, collected information about consumer attitudes toward lean pork produced with biotcchnologically developed pST. A qualitative dependent variable modcl was used to identify socioeconomic consumer characteristics influcncing the willingncss to pay for lean pork. The modcl was modified to account for the selectivity bias of the sam pie data.Results indieate that frequent pork consumers were willing to pay more for lean pork produced using pST in contrast to respondents who frequently ale bccf', wcre oldcr, and had relativcly high income.Probabilities associatcd with the willingness 10 paya speeific premium wcre calculated. In general, the average respondcnt was willing to pay an additional IX~per kg of lean pork produced using pST.Studies conccrning health impacts of fatty acid consumption have linked saturated fats to high levels of blood cholesterol and increased risk of heart and heart-related diseases. Red meats, beef, and park, are considcrcd high in saturated fats and cholesterol whcn compared to poultry or fish. The importance of nutrition and health influences food choices (National Research Council, 1988). Many consumers were interested in leaner pork
Elnaghccb, AH., Florkowski, W.J., Huang, Ci-L, and Halbrcndt, C; 1992. Willingncss to pay for pST-treated pork, Agric. Econ.,.The progrcss in porcine somatotropin (pST) application justilïed an assessment of consumer acccptance of pST-treated pork. A survey of the Atlanta metropolitan arca, USA, collected information about consumer attitudes toward lean pork produced with biotcchnologically developed pST. A qualitative dependent variable modcl was used to identify socioeconomic consumer characteristics influcncing the willingncss to pay for lean pork. The modcl was modified to account for the selectivity bias of the sam pie data.Results indieate that frequent pork consumers were willing to pay more for lean pork produced using pST in contrast to respondents who frequently ale bccf', wcre oldcr, and had relativcly high income.Probabilities associatcd with the willingness 10 paya speeific premium wcre calculated. In general, the average respondcnt was willing to pay an additional IX~per kg of lean pork produced using pST.Studies conccrning health impacts of fatty acid consumption have linked saturated fats to high levels of blood cholesterol and increased risk of heart and heart-related diseases. Red meats, beef, and park, are considcrcd high in saturated fats and cholesterol whcn compared to poultry or fish. The importance of nutrition and health influences food choices (National Research Council, 1988). Many consumers were interested in leaner pork
There is a need for a more general approach to selecting appropriate models for transformation of long‐term crop yield data prior to statistical analysis without a priori restrictions about the mathematical form of the model. A least restrictive formulation about the functional specification of a model is less likely to lead to erroneous results. The objective of the study is to illustrate a general approach to model selection via application of the Box‐Cox transformation technique to estimate national yield trends for corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the period 1960‐1979. Results suggest that corn and wheat yields were approaching a plateau level whereas soybeans showed no indication of levelling off of yields.
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