We present electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) and two-chamber AFM investigations of the electrical and mechanical properties of solvent-containing nano-BLMs suspended on chip-based nanopores of diameter of 200, 400, and 700 nm. The chips containing nanoporous silicon nitride membranes are fabricated based on low-cost colloidal lithography with low aspect ratio of the nanopores. BLMs of DPhPC lipid molecules are constructed across the nanopores by the painting method. Two equivalent circuits are compared in view of their adequacy in description of the EIS performances of the nano-BLMs and more importantly the structures associated with the nano-BLMs systems. The BLM resistance and capacitance as well as their size and time dependence are studied by EIS. The breakthrough forces, elasticity in terms of apparent spring constant, and lateral tension of the solvent-containing nano-BLMs are investigated by AFM force measurements. The exact relationship of the breakthrough force of the nano-BLM as a function of pore size is revealed. Both EIS and AFM studies show increasing lifetime and mechanical stability of the nano-BLMs with decreasing pore size. Finally, the robust 200 nm diameter nanopores are used to accommodate functional BLMs containing DPhPC lipid molecules and gramicidins by using a painting method with drop of mixture solutions of DPhPC and gramicidins. EIS investigation of the functional nano-BLMs is also performed.

DNA immobilized at the surface of cone-shaped gold nanoelectrodes provides a favorable platform for artificial ion channels that can gate the redox reaction of ferricyanide. This effect arises from the nanometer-scale curvature and the enhanced mass transfer at nanoelectrodes. The label-free feature based on this ion-channel effect provides a means to develop label-free electrochemical DNA sensors.National Natural Science Foundation [20725516, 20873175, 20805055, 90913014]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB933000, 2007CB936000, 2007CB935603]; Ministry of Health [2009ZX10004-301, 2009ZX10004-302]; Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology [0952nm04600

Nonionic fluorosurfactant zonyl FSN self-assembly on Au(100) is investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy under ambient conditions. High-resolution STM images reveal that a [array: see text] arrangement of the FSN SAMs is formed on Au(100). Different from the uniform structure of FSN SAMs on Au(111), the adsorption sites of FSN molecules on Au(100) change gradually and form a kind of corrugated structure. The change in the adsorption sites probably originates from the repulsive force among FSN molecules because the nearest-neighbor distance of FSN molecules is 0.41 nm, which is smaller than 0.50 nm on Au(111). The mobility of surface atoms on the Au substrate is enhanced by the interaction between FSN molecules and the Au substrate; therefore, no Au island is observed on the FSN-SAM-covered Au(100).

We investigate the structure of nonionic fluorosurfactant zonyl FSN self-assembled monolayers on Au(111) and Au(100) in 0.05 M H(2)SO(4) as a function of the electrode potential by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM). On Au(111), a (3(1/2) × 3(1/2))R30° arrangement of the FSN SAMs is observed, which remains unchanged in the potential range where the redox reaction of FSN molecules does not occur. On Au(100), some parallel corrugations of the FSN SAMs are observed, which originate from the smaller distance and the repulsive interaction between FSN molecules to make the FSN molecules deviate from the bridging sites, and ECSTM reveals a potential-induced structural transition of the FSN SAMs. The experimental observations are rationalized by the effect of the intermolecular interaction. The smaller distance between molecules on Au(100) results in the repulsive force, which increases the probability of structural change induced by external factors (i.e., the electrode potential). The appropriate distance and interactions of FSN molecules account for the stable structure of FSN SAMs on Au(111). Surface crystallography may influence the intermolecular interaction through changing the molecular arrangements of the SAMs. The results benefit the molecular-scale understanding of the behavior of the FSN SAMs under electrochemical potential control.

Nanoporous membranes provide a basis for constructing non-supported biomembranes, which enable biological processes such as ion and molecule transport through the biomembranes to be investigated under physiological conditions with ease of control. Preparation of such membranes usually requires expensive equipments and extensive experiences. In this paper, we provide a cheap and controllable scheme of high volume fabricating suspended nanoporous Si3N4 membranes on a Si wafer by combined colloidal lithography and standard Si fabrication technology including low cost ICP etching and anisotropic Si wet-etch. Si3N4 layers are grown on Si wafers. Polystyrene particles of 200-nm-diameter are then monodispersed on the Si3N4 layers based on electrostatic repulsions with an average density of 2%. This is followed by Cr masking, ICP etching and Si wet-etch processes to form suspended Si3N4 membranes with 200-nm-deep nanopores through the membranes. The well-aligned cylindrical nanopores have a low aspect radio of ca. 0.9, which would be beneficial to forming stable suspended lipid bilayers.National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB935603]; NSFC [20620130427]; MOST [2007DFC40440

Fe electrodeposition on Au(111) and Au(100) in BMIBF(4) ionic liquid is found to form hitherto unreported shape-ordered nanoscale morphologies of pseudorods and pseudosquare rings, respectively, both composed of grains of 4-7 nm. The manner of growth of the square rings is a ring-on-ring structure with enlarging side length and slightly protruding four corners. The generality of the growth mechanism is verified by the formation of almost exactly the same shape-ordered Fe nanostructures on Pt, i.e., pseudorod structure on Pt(111) and pseudosquare rings Pt(100). These structures are explained within the framework of magnetostatic interactions of spontaneously magnetized grains under crystallographic constraint of the substrate surface, which result in an antiparallel arrangement in magnetization of the grains at pseudorods and magnetic flux closure at the pseudosquare rings. The closed magnetic flux further leads to magnetic field-enhanced growth at the four corners and the outer peripheries of the pseudosquare rings. The observed shape-ordering of the Fe thin film serves as a paradigm of magnetostatic coupling, in which the roles of ionic liquid as surfactant and magnetic media may not be underestimated. The present work adds a new dimension to electrodeposition in ionic liquid, by which new magnetic film structures may be expected.

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