Sum m ary. U rbanisation in the Peop le' s Republic of C hina during 1949± 78 w as mainly driven by intern al forces under a self-reli ant, centrally planned econ om ic system . Since the O pening and R eform initiated in 1978, extern al forces, especially foreign investm ent in¯ow , have em erged as a new drivin g force of urbanisation in som e parts of China, particu larly in the Pearl River Delta (the D elta) of South China. This study investigat es the nature and pattern of this new type of urbanisation , w hich we label as exo(gen ous)-u rbanisation . Foreign direct investm ent (FD I) into the Delta is m ainly character ised by sm all and m edium-scale, labour-in tensive, processin g-typ es of m anufactu ring and trad e-creati ve investm ent com ing from H ong K ong and M acao. It shows a spatial tendency w ithin the host region ' s urban hierarch y in favou r of sm all cities and cou nties and a distin ct bord er orien tation . This con trasts with the con centration in large m etrop olises or econ omic core region s found in m ost less develop ing cou ntries. Such FD I has interacted w ithintern al reform s to effect sign i® can t changes in the Delta during 1978± 93, such as econ om ic restru cturing, rural industrialisa tion , the em ergen ce of an exp ort-orie nted econ om y and its rap id integratio n w ith the world econ omy. It has also gen erated m assive population in-m igration and dram atic landscape tran sform ation there. Put sim ply, exo-u rbanisation in the D elta show s a predom inant grow th of sm all urban centres particula rly those alon g the bord er w ith H ong Kong and M acao and hence a m ore equal level of urbanisation in the D elta and a declinin g prim acy of G uangzh ou, the region al prim ate city. H ow ever, exo-u rbanisation in the Delta also raises doubts on social and environ m ental fron ts as well as on its durab ility. T he FDI in¯ow and the newly created exp ort-orie nted industrialisa tion and urban grow th in the Delta are obviou sly subject to vicissitu des of the w orld m ark et. In spite of this, con tem porary urbanisation theories should give atten tion to the role of externa l forces. Further studies on exo-u rbanisation are not only practical for develop m ent and planning in areas under intensive in¯ow of foreign investm ent, but cou ld also enrich the literatu re on the glob alisatio n process and its im pacts on the developing cou ntries. Foreign Investm ent and Urbanisation in LDCsIn the last tw o decades, less developing countries (LD Cs) have experienced an unprecedented rate of urbanisation. Since 1975, the number and proportion of the world' s urban populat ion living in LDCs has been on the increase. By 1990, 61 per cent of the world' s urban population lived in LDCs. It is projected that by 2025 there will be about 4bn urban residents in LD Cs and 1.2bn in DCsÐ i.e. about 75 per cent of the world' s Victor F. S. Sit and Chun Yang are in the

Yang C. Strategic coupling of regional development in global production networks: redistribution of Taiwanese personal computer investment from the Pearl River Delta to the Yangtze River Delta, China, Regional Studies. From the perspective of strategic coupling of regional development in global production networks (GPN), this paper attempts to explore the dynamics and patterns of the redistribution of Taiwanese personal computer (PC) investment from the Pearl River Delta (PRD) to the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China since the early 2000s. Through firm-level interviews and case studies, it argues that the redistribution is resulted from divergent strategic coupling between respective Taiwanese firms in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta and their lead firm counterparts fostered by different local institutional initiatives. The study further elucidates that regional development in the global economy has turned increasingly to trans-local dynamics. [image omitted] Yang C. L'association strategique de l'amenagement du territoire dans les reseaux de production mondialises: la redistribution de l'investissement taiwanais en ordinateurs personnels du delta de la Pearl au delta de la Yangtze, en Chine, Regional Studies. Du point de vue de l'association strategique de l'amenagement du territoire dans les reseaux de production mondialises, cet article cherche a examiner pendant les dix dernieres annees la dynamique et la repartition de la redistribution de l'investissement taiwanais en ordinateurs personnels du delta de la Pearl (PRD) au delta de la Yangtze (YRD) en Chine. A partir des interviews aupres des entreprises et des etudes de cas, on soutient que la redistribution resulte de l'association strategique divergente entre les entreprises taiwanaises situees dans la PRD et la YRD et leurs homologues leaders qui se sont developpes suite a diverses initiatives institutionnelles locales. En outre, l'etude montre que, dans le contexte de l'economie mondiale, l'amenagement du territoire porte de plus en plus sur la dynamique trans-locale. Association strategique Amenagement du territoire Reseaux de production mondialises Redistribution de l'IDE Delta de la Pearl Delta de la Yangtze Yang C. Die strategische Kopplung von Regionalentwicklung in globalen Produktionsnetzen: Umverteilung taiwanesischer PC-Investitionen vom Pearl River Delta zum Yangtze River Delta in China, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag wird versucht, die Dynamik und die Ablaufe bei der Umverteilung taiwanesischer PC-Investitionen vom Pearl River Delta (PRD) zum Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China wahrend der letzten 10 Jahre aus der Perspektive der strategischen Kopplung der regionalen Entwicklung in globalen Produktionsnetzen zu analysieren. Anhand von Interviews und Fallstudien auf Firmenebene wird argumentiert, dass die Umverteilung durch eine divergente strategische Kopplung zwischen taiwanesischen Firmen im PRD und YRD und ihren entsprechenden leitenden Firmen verursacht und durch verschiedene lokale institutionelle Initiativen gefordert w...

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IntroductionThe contingent effects of globalization, regionalization, and the end of the cold war have brought about a proliferation of cross-border regions (CBRs) since the 1980s (Perkmann and Sum, 2002). Today there are virtually no local or regional authorities in border areas that are not somehow involved in cross-border cooperation initiatives. More specifically, the 1990s saw a sharp increase in CBRs all over Europe (Perkmann, 2003). European integration has shifted authority over policymaking from national states up to European-level institutions. On the other hand, regionalization in European countries has shifted political authority from national down to subnational levels of government (Hooghe and Marks, 2001). In consequence, multilevel governance (MLG) has been created at the European level, which proposes that``decision-making competencies are shared by actors at different levels rather than monopolized by state executives'' (Marks et al, 1996, page 346). Given its origins, it is not surprising that the MLG model has been applied more extensively to the European Union (EU) and its member states (Bache and Flinders, 2004) than to anywhere else.In this paper I aim to contribute to the literature through the investigation of the emerging MLG pattern in the Hong Kong^Pearl River Delta (HK^PRD) crossboundary (1) region in socialist China. Substantial studies have been conducted on the cross-border relationship between Hong Kong and the PRD since China's Opening

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