To evaluate the quality of the laser direct part marked Data Matrix symbols on titanium alloy substrates, the quality assessment methods at home and abroad were compared. A new quality assessment method of combining the effect of the laser on substrate materials and symbol grade of laser marked Data Matrix was put forward. Depending on previous research works, orthogonal experiment results were analyzed again and a modified nonlinear mathematics model was established. Analysis results indicate that this modified model can explain 90.6% of symbol contrast change and it is statistically significant. So it is better than previous linear regression model and can be used to estimate the quality of laser marked Data Matrix symbols on titanium alloy substrates. The nonlinear mathematics model can also explain the laser parameters influence on the symbol contrast.
In the application of laser marking, the biggest challenge is that machine-readable barcodes with superior quality were not marked consistently. To solve this problem, laser direct-part marking Data Matrix barcode experiments were carried out on titanium alloy substrates, using a Q-switched light-pumped Nd:YAG laser. The microstructure of the symbols was analyzed using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The internal micro-stresses of the marked areas were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The influence of the pulse frequency on the symbol contrast is analyzed. Results showed the interaction between the laser and the titanium alloy can be found. This can further explain the physical mechanism of laser direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on titanium alloy substrates.
The influences of laser processing parameters on the symbol contrast and surface roughness of Data Matrix barcodes were studied by single factor experiments using a Q-switched lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser. The orthogonal experiments were carried out to further study the relationship between laser parameters and surface roughness. Multivariate nonlinear regression analyses were performed based on the orthogonal experimental results and a mathematical relationship between parameters and surface roughness was established. The results show that the change trend of surface roughness is similar to symbol contrast with the increase of laser parameters. Both the average power and two different overlaps are important factors affecting the surface roughness and symbol contrast. But the current intensity has an insignificant impact on the surface roughness. The developed regression model can be used to predict the roughness of Data Matrix barcodes. This study can improve industrial application of laser direct part marking technology on titanium alloy substrates.
Laser color marking experiments on titanium alloy substrates were carried out to investigate the impact of selected laser processing parameters on the resulting colors. The CIE L*a*b* color space was used to quantify these colors. The surface roughness of the marked color areas was measured by using a TR200 hand-held surface roughness instrument. The relationships between laser parameters and CIE L*a*b* values and surface roughness of the colors were obtained. Results clearly showed that different colors ranging from blue and gray to yellow were produced. Some colors can be obtained by different sets of parameters, while some colors can only be produced by a specific combination of process parameters due to the existence of different forms of heat input and thermal process. The b* value increased to the maximum which represented yellow then decreased. The surface roughness of color areas decreased with the increase of focal plane offset, scanning velocity, or hatch space.
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