The formation of settlement troughs for the case when there are buildings above a tunnel is different from the case without buildings present on the ground surface during construction of shield tunnels below the ground. By considering the influence of building stiffness, previous studies have calculated the surface of building subsidence during shield construction, but it was assumed that the soil around the tunnel would shrink evenly toward the center and that the focus should be fixed and the foundation stiffness of the building was not considered. The method used in this paper modifies the forward method, by considering a uniform ground movement model for shield tunnels and the foundation stiffness and depth. The calculated values are compared to the measured values, the values of the other method and also values obtained using finite-element simulation. The effects of the equivalent elastic modulus of buildings E 1 , the depth of the tunnel axis from the ground h and the distance between the tunnel axis L to the settlement of foundations are also analyzed. The results show that the values obtained by the present calculation method are more similar to the measured and finite-element simulation values than the values obtained using the other method. The settlement of foundations is found to decrease with increasing E 1 , h and L.
By using three dimensional software MIDAS/GTS, the interactions among structures-soil-tunnel system is considered in this paper, and the working condition of shallow-buried underground excavation is simulated in the foundation of frame structures with the short-pile. The loadings and deformations of structures are studied before and after the tunnelling, and the influences of the following factors, including the horizontal position of tunnel and building, the height of building and the soil property, are analyzed. It is indicated that when the horizontal distance L equals zero (the distance between building axis to the tunnel axis), the building settlement increases gradually and shows a normal distribution during and after the tunnelling. Due to the small stiffness of frame structures with short-pile foundations, the building has large nonuniform settlement. When the distance of excavation is no less than 1.8 times of the thickness of overburden soil, the building settlement becomes stable, and the first principal stress P 1 and maximum deformation rate E 1 generally show a trend of decrease. With the increasing L, P 1 and E 1 will decrease accordingly, and the buildings tend to be inclined toward the tunnel. For a relatively larger distance, the building is nearly not affected.
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