Elevated PVR defined by the new PVR nomogram predicted recurrent UTI in children with history of febrile UTI. Care should be taken to manage children with elevated PVR.

Robotic-assisted pyeloplasty may be a promising alternative minimal invasive surgery for UPJO in children if the higher complication rates and higher costs in the RP can be overcome in the near future.

Middle-aged men with CKD had significantly more nocturia episodes than the age-matched control group, but had lower urinary frequency scores. Lower eGFR and overweight are independent risk factors for nocturia in middle-aged men.