Sixteen polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) markers, developed from an SSR-enriched genomic DNA library of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), were used to assess genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and population structure among 150 sesame accessions collected from 22 countries. A total of 121 alleles were detected among the sesame accessions. The number of detected alleles varied from 2 to 18, with an average of 7.6 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.03 to 0.79, with an average of 0.42. These values indicated an excess of heterozygous individuals at 16 loci and an excess of homozygous individuals at three loci. Of these, 32 genotype-specific alleles were identified at 11 of 16 polymorphic SSR markers. Cluster analyses were performed by accession and population, revealing a complex accession distribution pattern with mean genetic similarity coefficient of 0.45 by accession and 0.52 by population. The wide variation in genetic similarity among the accessions revealed by SSRs reflected a high level of polymorphism at the DNA level. Model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of three groups that were basically consistent with the clustering results based on genetic distance. These findings may be used to augment the sesame germplasm and to increase the effectiveness of sesame breeding.
GeSn alloys have been regarded as a potential lasing material for a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible light source. Despite their remarkable progress, all GeSn lasers reported to date have large device footprints and active areas, which prevent the realization of densely integrated on-chip lasers operating at low power consumption. Here, we present a 1D photonic crystal nanobeam with a very small device footprint of 7 lm 2 and a compact active area of $1.2 lm 2 on a high-quality GeSn-on-insulator substrate. We also report that the improved directness in our strain-free nanobeam lasers leads to a lower threshold density and a higher operating temperature compared to the compressive strained counterparts. The threshold density of the strain-free nanobeam laser is $18.2 kW cm À2 at 4 K, which is significantly lower than that of the unreleased nanobeam laser ($38.4 kW cm À2 at 4 K). Lasing in the strain-free nanobeam device persists up to 90 K, whereas the unreleased nanobeam shows quenching of lasing at a temperature of 70 K. Our demonstration offers an avenue toward developing practical group-IV light sources with high-density integration and low power consumption.
ObjectiveProper exercise immediately after breast cancer surgery (BCS) may prevent unnecessary physical and psychological decline resulting from the surgery; however, patients’ attitude, barriers and facilitators for exercise during this period have not been studied. Hence, this study aims to explore the barriers and facilitators of exercise among patients with breast cancer through multiple interviews immediately after surgery through 4 weeks after BCS.MethodsWe conducted three in-depth interviews of 33 patients with breast cancer within 1 month after BCS.ResultsWe identified 44 themes, 10 codes and 5 categories from interview results. Physical constraints and psychological resistance were identified as the barriers to exercise, while a sense of purpose and first-hand exercise experience were identified as the facilitators of exercise. By conducting the interviews over the course of 4 weeks after surgery, we monitored patterns of changes in barriers and facilitators over time. Overall, our analyses identified that professional intervention based on the time since surgery and the physical state after BCS is essential. The intervention would counteract the overwhelming psychological resistance in the early weeks by developing a sense of purpose in the later weeks.ConclusionsWe made suggestions for future research and exercise intervention programmes that can benefit breast cancer survivors based on the categories, codes and themes identified in this study.
side effects such as air pollution, climate change, declines in natural resources, and technological inequality. The new responsibility of scientists and engineers is to develop a new sustainable technology that is sustainable and that does not further deplete the planet's natural resources. Specifically, silicon-based electronics and optoelectronic devices have short lifespans. For example, the average lifespans for mobile phones and laptops are less than four years on average, [1] and some sensing devices have even shorter lifespans, generating waste after a short time period. Therefore, environmental issues, such as the depletion of scarce resources and production of toxic byproducts, became an area of increased concern. Technological advances in photonics and electronics, in particular, are now facing the issue of depletion of oil, the foremost source of organic materials. The generation of chemical and inorganic wastes during the process of photonic and electronic device production is also a pressing problem. In addition, costly devices may increase the inequality gap between developed and developing countries, which is a pressing problem, particularly in the area of medical applications. Therefore, it is an essential task for researchers to investigate potential material candidates that are readily degradable without any harmful byproducts, and that are also abundant in nature, thus reducing their cost. Many materials of biological origin have been investigated with the goal of achieving sustainable technology so far. In this review, we summarize recent technological achievements based on the most widely investigated materials: silk and paper. Silk, which was initially deployed mainly for the clothing industry, is a natural eco-friendly material with unique properties. Due to its exceptional characteristics of being fully biodegradable and eliciting no immune response, silk has now become one of the most promising materials for biomedical applications such as biomedical implantable devices. Together with excellent optical transparency in the visible range of light, the exceptional biocompatibility of silk has inspired many outstanding developments of optical devices for biomedical sensing applications. Silk has also attracted attention for its use in electronic devices. It has been shown that silk is particularly beneficial for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) applications as it can improve the crystal quality of organic semiconductors. There has also been much interesting research done on silk-based transient electronic devices and carbonized silk-based electrical sensors. [2] Meanwhile, paper, one of the oldest and most familiar bio-based materials in human history, has also shown its advantages of outstanding optical and mechanical properties with the promise Photonic and electronic devices currently face challenges in terms of improved efficiency of energy harvesting and light emission, renewable energy and materials, and the development of eco-friendly materials. Owing to the emergence of worldwid...
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