Introduction:Prostatic carcinoma (CaP) is globally the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in males. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of histopathological types of prostatic lesions seen in a private laboratory in Lagos, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Histopathological reports of all prostate specimens, which were received and processed by histopathology section of a private laboratory in Lagos, Nigeria, from August 2009 to December 2013 were reviewed.Results:A total of 304 prostatic tissue specimens were received and processed during the period under review. The youngest patient was 32 years old while the oldest patient was 99 years old with a mean of 67.8 years ± 9.5. The most common diagnosis was benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (62.8%), distantly followed by CaP (29.3%), inadequate samples (6.6%), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (1%), and metastasis to the prostate (0.3%). The peak incidence was age group of 60-69 years, closely followed by 70-79 years accounting for 38.2% and 36.2%, respectively. Moderately differentiated CaP (Gleason scores [GSs] 5-7) accounted for 58.1% of the cases while GS 7 was the most common individual score and was seen in 32.3% of the CaP cases.Conclusion:In this private practice, BPH is the most common prostate lesion. CaP is relatively high and most of the cases have a high GS that portends high mortality in our population. Efforts should be made to increase awareness so as to reduce the mortality.

Background:The breast is a common site for pathologies which predominantly involves the female breast. While benign diseases are more common, malignancies are of utmost concern for the patient, clinician, and the pathologist.Aim:The aim of this study is to audit the clinical and pathological features of patients with breast lumps in a tertiary center in Nigeria.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective observational study of histologically diagnosed breast lumps over a period of 8 years.Results:Lumps were common in the 20–39 years age group (>50%), with a mean age of 34.95 years. Females accounted for 759 (98.1%) of cases. In 467 (60.4%) cases, the lumps measured >5 cm and only 175 (22.6%) cases presented to the surgeon within 12 weeks of noticing a breast lump. Ninety-one (11.8%) cases also presented with axillary lymph nodes, breast pain 79 (10.2%), peau d’ orange 56 (7.2%), and ulceration 47 (6.1%). Benign breast disease (BBD) occurred in 401 (51.8%) cases and malignant breast diseases (MBD) occurred in 344 (44.3%) of cases.Conclusion:BBD and MBD are common among the young in Uyo. Lumps are the primary complaint and late presentation is the norm.

Background: To do a comprehensive analysis of all exhumation and post mortem examination (EPME) performed in South-South region of Nigeria, with an aim to determine the causes of death and various factors that affect it. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of all EPME that were done in South-South region of Nigeria over 16 years (1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017). The duplicate copies of all EPME reports that were written previously and police reports for each case were reviewed. Results: A total of 47 cases were seen. The youngest case was a 6-month-old male and the oldest an 86-year-old man. Males accounted for 72.3% of cases. Age group 20-29 years accounted for most (19.1%) cases. The history summary included sudden traumatic death (40.4%), bodies found floating on the river (23.4%), and kidnapped victims (8.5%). In 91.5% of cases, the autopsies were performed immediately after exhumation beside the grave. Grave locations were the river bank (23.4%), farm lands (21.3%), the deceased family compound (21.3%), cemetery (17%), and in the forest (10.6%). Two mass graves were seen containing 8 bodies and 11 bodies, respectively. A casket was used in 9 cases (19.1%). The shortest interval between burial and exhumation was 5 days, and the longest interval was 348 days. On exhumation, the remains were moderately to severely decomposed (36.2%), skeletonized (34%), or partially decomposed (23.4%). The causes of death were seen in 63.8% of cases. Conclusion: Exhumation, though rarely done, still remains a useful procedure, because in a significant number of cases, it helped to answer the medico-legal question (the causes of death were seen). Young males account for most cases in our setting.

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