A novel surface-active ATRP initiator disodium 4-(10-(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyloxy)decyloxy)-4-oxo-2-sulfonatobutanoate (1a) has been designed and synthesized efficiently in three steps. The controlled radical emulsion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were realized in one step without any added surfactant under AGET and ARGET ATRP conditions, in which the initiator 1 functioned as both an ATRP initiator and a latex stabilizer.
Six quaternary ammonium salts were designed and synthesised with moderate to high yields in three steps, based on cardanol, a low-cost and abundant renewable resource. The new ammonium salts can act as reactive surfactants due to their having both a hydrophilic ammonium group and a hydrophobic unsaturated alkyl chain. The gemini surfactants with a linker of a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain exhibited a relatively low CMC value(≤ 0.2 mmol L
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