It is studied that the thermal conductivity of graphene periodically embedded with four-and eightmembered rings (GFERs) by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. This kind of structure has been experimentally synthesized recently. The dependence of thermal conductivity on the length (L) and temperature(T) is investigated. It is found that the thermal conductivity of GFERs is significantly lower than that of pristine graphene. On the other hand, the length dependence of thermal conductivity follows ~ logL behavior. In addition, the −α temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of GFERs follows ~T behavior. It is also found that there exists large thermal rectification (TR) in graphene-GFERs heterostructures, the heat flux from the pristine graphene to the GFERs direction is larger than that in the opposite direction. The dependence of the TR ratio on system parameters is investigated.
Net primary productivity (NPP) is an important indicator for grassland resource management and sustainable development. In this paper, the NPP of Sichuan grasslands was estimated by the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model. The results were validated with in situ data. The overall precision reached 70%; alpine meadow had the highest precision at greater than 75%, among the three types of grasslands validated. The spatial and temporal variations of Sichuan grasslands were analyzed. The absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR), light use efficiency (ε), and NPP of Sichuan grasslands peaked in August, which was a vigorous growth period during 2011. High values of APAR existed in the southwest regions in altitudes from 2000 m to 4000 m. Light use efficiency (ε) varied in the different types of grasslands. The Sichuan grassland NPP was mainly distributed in the region of 3000–5000 m altitude. The NPP of alpine meadow accounted for 50% of the total NPP of Sichuan grasslands.
The art integration of the Textile Colour Science curriculum means that the practical teaching of the course cannot be limited to scientific and technical experiments, but should be integrated with artistic colour matching and colour expression. The aim of the course should both include strengthen the students' understanding and consolidation of the basic theoretical knowledge of colour composition and the enhancement of the students' aesthetic awareness and artistic creation ability. Only through properly arrange the practical teaching section and impove the teaching method of the course, can the teaching objective be achieved.
The limb width and the limb thickness of the large size angle steel are very great, section area is more greater than that of the angle steel in the conventional power transmission tower, which can greatly improve bearing force of the single member. It is considered feasible after analysis that the 300mm single limb large size angle steel is applied to substitute the double combination angle steel; take the JC1 angle tower in ±1100kV Huaidong Transmission ultra-high voltage DC engineering as the analysis object, it optimizes the slope of the tower body and the root open size, economic analysis is carried out when the main member applies the combination angle steel and the large size angle steel respectively. Results show: Weight of the JC1 tower which main member applies the 300mm large size angle steel is 6%~10% lower than that of the combination angle steel tower. Price of every base of the steel tower is 7%~11% lower than that of the combination angle steel tower, which has high economic and social benefit.
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