Inspired by the nature, lotus leaf-derived gradient hierarchical porous C/MoS2 morphology genetic composites (GHPCM) were successfully fabricated through an in situ strategy. The biological microstructure of lotus leaf was well preserved after treatment. Different pores with gradient pore sizes ranging from 300 to 5 μm were hierarchically distributed in the composites. In addition, the surface states of lotus leaf resulted in the Janus-like morphologies of MoS2. The GHPCM exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance, with the minimum reflection loss of − 50.1 dB at a thickness of 2.4 mm and the maximum effective bandwidth of 6.0 GHz at a thickness of 2.2 mm. The outstanding performance could be attributed to the synergy of conductive loss, polarization loss, and impedance matching. In particularly, we provided a brand-new dielectric sum-quotient model to analyze the electromagnetic performance of the non-magnetic material system. It suggests that the specific sum and quotient of permittivity are the key to keep reflection loss below − 10 dB within a certain frequency range. Furthermore, based on the concept of material genetic engineering, the dielectric constant could be taken into account to seek for suitable materials with designable electromagnetic absorption performance.

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Saline, lacustrine rift basins (SLRBs) can contain very productive shale oil plays, in which "sweet spots" are closely related to organic-rich shale intervals. However, organic matter enrichment in the shale intervals within SLRBs and the controlling factors have not been well-explored in past research. In this study, well Pu6-65 within the Dongpu Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin was systematically cored and analyzed for basic geochemistry, trace elements, clay mineral content, and original total organic carbon (TOC) to understand the relationships between TOC and paleosalinity, dilution, redox, and paleoproductivity. Results indicate that the Es 3 U and Es 3 L (upper and lower third member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation) in the Dongpu Depression mainly developed in a brackish and weak anoxic to anoxic depositional environment, in which surface water featured relatively low paleoproductivity. In comparison, the dilution degree is stronger in the Es 3 L shale. Paleosalinity, dilution, redox, and paleoproductivity together controlled the organic matter enrichment in the Es 3 U and Es 3 L shales, while the paleosalinity, dilution, and redox condition were much more significant controlling factors than the paleoproductivity. The degree of organic matter enrichment first increases and then tends to decrease with increasing paleosalinity; the enrichment degree gradually decreases with the increasing of the dilution degree and increases with the increasing of the anoxia degree. Therefore, future exploration of organic-rich shales in the Dongpu Depression should target shale intervals developed in the environment of moderate salinity, weak dilution, and strong reducibility. This study not only improves the theory of the organic matter enrichment but also provides guidance for predicting the organic-rich shale distribution in the Dongpu Depression and in other SLRBs around the world.

Abundant shale oil resources were recently found in the organic‐rich Permian Lucaogou (P2l) Formation shale, Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin. Although some scholars have conducted some researches on the basic geochemical characteristics of the Lucaogou Formation shale, it is not enough to effectively guide the shale oil exploration in the area. This is because during the exploration process of shale oil, besides the basic geochemical characteristics of shale, its mineral composition, physical properties, and oil‐bearing characteristics are all very important evaluation parameters. To systematically evaluate the favourable shale oil exploration sections in the Lucaogou Formation, 265 pieces of shale cores were sampled from well Ji174 in this study. Besides the basic geochemical characteristics of the 265 pieces of cores, the mineralogical, petrophysical, and oil‐bearing characteristics were also analysed. Results show that the shale has abundant organic matter (average total organic carbon 3.51%, average petroleum generation potential 15.67 mg/g), dominated by Type II1 and Type II2 kerogen, and has entered the early‐mature to mature stage. The Upper Member of the Lucaogou Formation has relatively higher organic matter and organic matter type is relatively more oil prone compared to the Lower Member; however, organic matter thermal maturity is lower. The P2l Formation shale is characterized by high carbonate minerals and low clay minerals, and when considering mineralogical brittleness, both the Upper and Lower members are ideally fracturable in shale oil development. The P2l Formation shale has a wide porosity range (1.1–13.9%), and the Lower Member's porosity is slightly greater. The inversion of shale porosity in the P2l Formation is controlled by the differentiated mineral composition. The oil saturation index values of the Lower Member shale are significantly greater than the Upper Member shale. From the above, the Lower Member of the P2l Formation shale is ideally suited and has greater shale oil potential in the Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin, especially in the depth intervals of 3,255–3,272, 3,282–3,298, and 3,317–3,334 m in the well Ji174.

High order cumulants of the baryon number distribution are calculated in a 2+1 flavor low energy effective theory. Quantum fluctuations are encoded through the functional renormalization group approach. The chiral and deconfinement phase transitions are investigated at finite temperature and baryon chemical potential. The equation of state for the QCD matter and the kurtosis of the baryon number distribution are calculated in the low energy effective theory, and one finds the results are consistent with those from lattice QCD.