OBJECTIVES: Crohn's disease is now increasingly considered as a disabling disease. Conventionally, the disease is managed by step‐up therapy. In recent years, the top‐down strategy has been proposed and is thought to benefit the patients in whom the condition is likely to rapidly deteriorate toward disabling. However, this strategy has severe adverse effects which have to be weighed against its benefits. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors that can predict the requirement of top‐down therapy among Chinese patients.
METHODS: We included 207 Chinese patients who had histories of Crohn's disease for ≥5 years, or those who had Crohn's disease for <5 years and at least one criterion of disabling disease. The risk factors related to the 5‐year disabling course and the 2‐year disabling course of Crohn's disease were separately analyzed in the same cohort by logistic regression.
RESULTS: Among the 207 patients, the rate of disabling disease was 80.19% for 5‐year, and 71.01% for 2‐year. The risk factors of age <40 years at diagnosis, steroids requirement for treating acute exacerbation, and presence of perianal disease at diagnosis were significantly associated with a 5‐year disabling course. In the same cohort, the risk factors related to 2‐year disabling course were likewise steroids requirement for treating acute exacerbation and presence of perianal disease at diagnosis.
CONCLUSION: The risk factors associated with disabling Crohn's disease, which entails the requirement of top‐down therapy in Chinese patients, are requirement of steroids for treating acute exacerbation and the presence of perianal disease at diagnosis.
A cap-fitted colonoscopy can shorten the examination time for inexperienced endoscopists. It can also reduce the patients' discomfort during the procedure.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the chemopreventive effect and mechanisms of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and folic acid on N-methyl-N′-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastrointestinal cancer in rats, and to investigate and compare the combinatorial effects of EGCG and folic acid on the chemoprevention of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis.
METHODS:A total of 159 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups to have the MNNG in drink (group M), MNNG in drink and EGCG in the feed (group ME), MNNG in drink and folic acid in the feed (group MF), MNNG in drink and EGCG + folic acid in the feed (group MEF), EGCG in the feed (group E), folic acid in the feed (group F) or normal feed (group C), respectively. At 44 weeks, all the rats were killed and assessed for the presence of gastrointestinal tumor. The occurrence of cancer was evaluated by histology. Ki-67 in cancerous tissues and in situ apoptosis were determined by immunohistochemical staining or terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively.
RESULTS:The experiment was completed in 157 rats (98.74%). As compared with group M, the tumor incidence of group MEF decreased significantly (P = 0.011). Ki-67 expression in cancerous tissues of group ME and MEF also decreased significantly (P = 0.038, P = 0.009), while apoptosis of group ME, MF and MEF increased significantly (P = 0.000, P = 0.003, P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: EGCG combined with folic acid has an obvious chemopreventive effect on gastrointestinal carcinogenesis induced by MNNG in rats.
This study was designed to investigate the differences in the proteomes of bovine Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle during an alternating electric field (AEF)-assisted freezing−thawing−aging sequence based on a data-independent acquisition strategy. When compared to that of the only postmortem aging (OA) group, the meat quality of the freezing−thawing−aging sequence (FA) and AEF-assisted freezing−thawing−aging sequence (EA) groups showed a declining trend. However, the group assisted by AEF was significantly enhanced in color, water-holding capacity, and tenderness. Three hundred fifty-two proteins in LD muscle were differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) among FA, EA, and OA treatments. Furthermore, among the 40 DAPs in the FA versus EA comparison, 5 DAPs with variable importance in projection scores higher than 1 were identified as biochemical markers of beef quality. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of these proteins were involved in structural constituents of ribosome and catalytic activity. These results provide a basis for further understanding the quality of beef following a freezing− thawing−aging sequence assisted by AEF.
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