Versatile wood cellulose, the most prototypical abundant polymer on earth, is considered a promising natural material for the fabrication of biodegradable electronics. The development of biodegradable electronics may help alleviate the adverse environmental impact caused by the fast‐growing electronic waste (e‐waste). The focus of this review is to discuss recent major advances in biodegradable electronics with versatile wood cellulose in terms of supporting substrates and functional components. First, the biological biodegradation and structural hierarchy of versatile wood cellulose is briefly introduced, followed by highlighting three types of cellulose substrates (opaque and hazy cellulose paper, transparent and clear cellulose film, and transparent and hazy cellulose film) for biodegradable electronics. Then, recent progress and research achievements in the use of versatile wood cellulose with multiscale dimensions in biodegradable electronics as a functional component (e.g., advanced light management layer, high capacitance dielectric, and ionic conductor) or even smart materials (e.g., mechanochromic layer, humidity sensing layer, adaptable adhesive layer, and piezoelectric component) are summarized in detail. Finally, an overview of challenges and perspectives for biodegradable electronics with versatile cellulose is provided.

Simultaneous production and functionalization of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for heavy metal ion removal is an economical and promising solution to expedite their use in water treatment. In this work, carboxymethylated CNFs (CMCNFs) with a carboxylate content up to 2.7 mmol/g are prepared by a combination of carboxymethylation and homogenization, which show diameters of 3.40–3.53 nm and lengths of 1210.6–383.3 nm. The effect of experimental conditions (including pH, carboxylate content, contact time, initial Cu2+ concentration) on the removal performance of CMCNFs for Cu2+ is investigated in detail. Adsorption performances of CMCNFs present a record high equilibrium Cu2+ removal capacity of 115.3 mg/g at pH 5.0. Additionally, the underlying mechanism for the removal of Cu2+ ions was uncovered by coupling the fitting results based on pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models with various characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), EDS mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Finally, the potential application of CMCNF-2.7 with high carboxylate content in converting copper-contaminated water into drinking water was demonstrated. CMCNFs provide a new selection for the design of novel nanocellulose-based materials for water treatments.

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