On the basis of alveolar bone loss patterns and microbiological data, untreated periodontitis patients can be clustered into at least three phenotypes. These results should be validated in other cohorts, and the clinical utility needs to be explored on the basis of periodontal treatment outcomes and/or disease progression.
Periodontitis is a multicausal chronic inflammatory disease defined by breakdown of the periodontal soft and hard tissues. Impaired balance between the subgingival microbiome and the immune system, modified by lifestyle, genetic and systemic health factors, leads to the development of the disease (Loos, Papantonopoulos,
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