The rapid rate of improvement in electronic devices has led to an increased demand for effective cooling techniques. The purpose of this study is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of an aluminum metallic foam for use with an Intel core i7 processor. The metal foams used have a porosity of 0.91 and different permeabilities ranging from 10 pores per inch (PPI) to 40 PPI. The flow rate at the entrance of the porous cavity varied from 0.22 USGPM to 0.1 USGPM. The fluid consists of water with aluminum nanoparticles having a concentration from 0.1% to 0.5%. The heat fluxes applied at the bottom of the porous test cell vary from 13.25 W/cm2 to 8.34 W/cm2. It has been observed that nanofluid and forced convection improves heat extraction. These observations lead to the conclusion that heat enhancement is possible with nanofluid and it is enhanced further in the presence of a high flow rate. However, it was detected experimentally, verified numerically, and agreed upon by different researchers that higher heat extraction is found for a nanofluid concentration of 0.2%. This observation is independent of the porous permeability or applied heat flux. It has also been shown that heat enhancement in the presence of nanofluid is evident, when experimental results were compared to water.
The following work presents a numerical evaluation of the use of TiO2 and Al2O3 nanofluids operating with ethylene glycol and water as base fluids—as well as an experimental evaluation of Al2O3-water nanofluid. Both numerical and experimental systems were tested and operated under various flow and heat transfer conditions, including four flow rates and three heat fluxes. When compared, the numerical schemes and experimental results showed deviation of under two degrees Celsius. This led the authors to conclude that the numerical scheme accurately reflected the experimental conditions. When all combinations of mixtures were compared numerically, it was found that ethylene glycol provided the highest average Nusselt number, while water offered significantly lower pumping requirements. When comparing nanoparticles, it was found that, in a carrying-fluid of water, TiO2 had superior performance by approximately one percent.
The present study determines the effects which foam metals and Nanofluid have on the performance of a simulated CPU. The present study employs yAl2O3-water Nanofluid and 6061- T6 Aluminum foam metal with a porosity of 0.91 and permeability of 40 pores per linear inch formed in bulk media and porously filled channels. The concentrations evaluated are 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.6% by volume. The study shall consider both original empirical results and numerical results obtained from COMSOL Multiphysics, showing good agreement with a maximum error of 4.3%. The present study. When considering the average Nusselt number as the representation of the strength of the heat transfer mechanism, and as such ignoring pumping requirements, it is shown that the use of porously filled channels interacting with 0.6% Nanofluid produces the most effective combination. However, when pumping power is relevant, a combination of bulk porous media interacting with 0.3% Nanofluid is observed. The results obtained herein can be applied to the cooling of electronics, or any other system wherein a general inward heat flux is applied.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.