We recommend you cite the published version. The publisher's URL is http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.envpol.2009.05.005 Refereed: Yes This is a preprint of an article published in Environmental Pollution c 2009 ?copyright Elsevier?. Environmental Pollution is available online at: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journa Disclaimer UWE has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited. UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. AbstractThe role of vegetation in mitigating the effects of PM 10 pollution has been highlighted as one potential benefit of urban greenspace. An integrated modelling approach is presented which utilises air dispersion (ADMS-Urban) and particulate interception (UFORE) to predict the PM 10 concentrations both before and after greenspace establishment, using a 10 x 10 km area of East London Green Grid (ELGG) as a case study. The corresponding health benefits, in terms of premature mortality and respiratory hospital admissions, as a result of the reduced exposure of the local population are also modelled. PM 10 capture from the scenario comprising 75 % grassland, 20 % sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and 5 % Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was estimated to be 90.41 t yr -1 , equating to 0.009 t ha -1 yr -1 over the whole study area. The human health modelling estimated that 2 deaths and 2 hospital admissions would be averted per year. CapsuleA combination of models can be used to estimate particulate matter concentrations before and after greenspace establishment and the resulting benefits to human health.

UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. Email addresses: danielle.sinnett@forestry.gsi.gov.uk, 9 matthew.wilkinson@forestry.gsi.gov.uk, geoff.morgan@forestry.gsi.gov.uk, peter.freer-10 smith@forestry.gsi.gov.uk, tony.hutchings@forestry.gsi.gov.uk 11 12Abstract 13 In urban areas, a highly variable mixture of pollutants is deposited as particulate 14 matter. The concentration and bioavailability of individual pollutants within particles need to 15 be characterised to ascertain the risks to ecological receptors. This study, carried out at two 16 urban parks, measured the deposition and water-solubility of metals to four species common 17 to UK urban areas. Foliar Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were elevated in at 18 least one species compared with those from a rural control site. Concentrations were, 19 however, only affected by distance to road in nettle and, to a lesser extent, birch leaves. 20Greater concentrations of metal were observed in these species compared to cypress and 21 maple possibly due to differences in plant morphology and leaf surfaces. Solubility appeared 22 to be linked to the size fraction and, therefore, origin of the metal with those present 23 predominantly in the coarse fraction exhibiting low solubility. 24 Capsule 25High density traffic resulted in elevated metal concentrations on vegetation, which were 26 related to distance from road and plant species. Particulate matter (PM) within the urban environment contains a range of metals that 31 are attributed to a number of both natural and anthropogenic sources (Harrison et al., 2003). 32The metals Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn are often associated with high traffic densities; 33 originating from exhaust emission, tyre, brake, vehicle and engine wear, or the re-suspension 34 of road dusts (Allen et al., 2001; Harrison et al., 2003; Monaci et al., 2000; Riga-Karandinos 35 and Saitanis, 2004; Wåhlin et al., 2006). 36Metals can be deposited onto vegetation growing in urban greenspaces as particles 37 or within rain or fog droplets, often referred to as dry, wet and occult deposition respectively. 38Deposition of metals can be significant enough to cause short-term variations in foliar metal 39 concentration (Fernández Espinosa and Rossini Oliva, 2006; Kozlov et al., 1995; Monaci et 40 al., 2000; Riga-Karandinos and Saitanis, 2004) and can account for a large proportion of 41 metals recorded in plant leaves (Kozlov et al., 2000a; Riga-Karandinos and Saitanis, 2004). 42Once deposited on vegetation, metals ...