BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
BACKGROUND Hemorrhage is the leading cause of death on the battlefield. Damage control resuscitation guidelines in the US military recommend whole blood as the preferred resuscitation product. The Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP) has initiated low‐titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) production and predeployment donor screening to make whole blood more available to military forces. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS ASBP donor centers updated procedures and labeling for LTOWB production. Donors are screened according to US Food and Drug Administration regulations and standard operating procedures. Group O donors are tested for anti‐A and anti‐B titer levels. Additionally, military personnel notified for pending deployment coordinate with their local ASBP donor center to complete whole blood donor prescreening. The process consists of completing a donor history questionnaire, processing of blood samples for blood group and infectious disease testing, and titer determination for group O personnel. RESULTS Since March 2016, 7940 LTOWB units have been manufactured at ASBP donor centers and shipped in support of combat operations. Additionally, ASBP donor centers have screened several thousand service members before deployment. From these screenings, the donor low titer rate was 68% and infectious disease reactive test rate was extremely low (≤0.004). CONCLUSION Whole blood is now the preferred blood product for resuscitation of combat trauma patients. The ASBP partnered with combat forces to screen personnel before deployment. Additionally, LTOWB is manufactured and shipped in support of combat operations. These efforts are expanding the availability of LTOWB for the warfighter.
Hurricane Katrina caused massive destruction and flooding along the Gulf Coast in August 2005. We collected mosquitoes and tested them for arboviral infection in a severely hurricane-damaged community to determine species composition and to assess the risk of a mosquito-borne epidemic disease in that community about 6 wk after the landfall of Hurricane Katrina. Light-trap collections yielded 8,215 mosquitoes representing 19 species, while limited gravid-trap collections were not productive. The most abundant mosquito species was Culex nigripalpus, which constituted 73.6% of all specimens. No arboviruses were detected in any of the mosquitoes collected in this survey, which did not support the assertion that human risk for arboviral infection was increased in the coastal community 6 wk after the hurricane.
Efforts to reliably measure AFM lateral forces have been impeded by the difficulties in obtaining appropriate calibration standards, applying those force standards to the apex of the tip, and quantifying calibration uncertainty. Here we propose a new method, Traceable Lateral Force Calibration (TLFC), which combines the reliability of direct methods with the convenience of indirect/semi-direct methods. Like other direct methods, ours comprise three essential steps: (1) fabrication of a spring (the Traceable Reference Lever or TRL); (2) calibration of the TRL spring constant; (3) conversion of measurable TRL deflections into absolute lateral force measurements based on its pre-calibrated spring constant (TLFC method). The TRL device, a simple two-axis cantilever, is easy to design, fabricate, and directly pre-calibrate with a standard laboratory microbalance. Following pre-calibration, the TRL device becomes a convenient absolute standard for AFM lateral force measurements. This paper describes the complete method and demonstrates its primary merits, which include (1) traceability to measurement standards; (2) ease of use by outside user groups; (3) absolute measurement errors < 10% for moderately stiff cantilevers (> 1 N/m normal stiffness); (4) robustness over a wide range of common loads, instruments, probes, and environments. While the method and proof-of-concept devices described in this paper were designed primarily for moderate to high load cantilevers (> 1 N/m), we discuss how a next generation of compliant TRL devices can be used with the TLFC method to reliably calibrate arbitrary AFM cantilevers (< < 1 N/m) and forces. Arnab Bhattacharjee and Nikolay T. Garabedian Co lead authors.
ABSTRACT. New county records in South Carolina suggest an expansion of the recorded northern distribution of Mansonia titillans in the USA. New location records of Ma. titillans in Beaufort County, as well as new county records in Berkeley, Clarendon, Colleton, and Georgetown counties are reported. Taxonomic notes are presented that provide 100% identification accuracy. Adult Ma. titillans were collected between August and December 2017 from 8 locations in 5 counties in South Carolina. Distribution records for floating water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), the aquatic plants normally associated with immature Ma. titillans, are documented in relation to new records of Ma. titillans adults.
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