Few studies have investigated expectations of fatherhood in men without children, and none within the age bracket most often associated with new fatherhood. Therefore, the objective of this qualitative study was to gain in-depth understanding of young men's beliefs and perceptions of that role. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of interview transcripts identified 3 key themes: The contemporary model father, perceived threat to life as we know it, and, the central theme, an unforeseeable future. Analysis revealed that while participants held broad expectations to be emotionally and physically involved as well as economically responsible fathers, their views often lacked specificity, consideration of meaning, and practical notions about how expectations could be fulfilled. We explain the lack of development in men's conceptualization of fatherhood across emerging adulthood through hegemonic masculinity, identity theory, and life course perspectives. The current study provides a rationale for promoting increased discussion around fatherhood in the preconception period to help lessen the turbulent nature of men's transition through pregnancy.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to explore the importance of possessions as extensions of self-concept and connections to significant others for people that hoard.Design. A total of 10 participants were recruited through hoarding group treatment programmes. Participants photographed significant possessions in their home and discussed these in semi-structured interviews.Results. Analysis of transcripts using interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed three interrelated superordinate themes: (1) time travels with you; (2) possessions are me, they're a reflection of my life; and (3) they're linked: I look at them and I think of people. Challenging early life factors were the source of significant self-uncertainty. Possessions were often touchstones of self-confidence and reminders of both positive and negative relationships.Conclusions. The results highlight the many dimensions of possessions' links to both self-concept and the identities of others, providing a distinct contribution to the hoarding literature. Implications for future research and treatment are discussed.
Practitioner pointsProblematic attachments to items may be formed as a compensatory response to challenging early life experiences. Possessions may reflect self-confidence, uniqueness, and be perceived to be physical extensions of who people that hoard are. Belongings can be reminders of interpersonal relationships for people that hoard.
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