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This international consensus statement is intended to help cardiologists and other health care professionals involved in the care of adult and pediatric patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), which encompasses a broad range of disorders, by providing recommendations for evaluation and management and supporting shared decision making between health care providers and patients in a document format that is also useful at the point of care.This consensus statement was written by experts in the field chosen by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and collaborating organizations.

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The interest in the left atrium (LA) has resurged over the recent years. In the early 1980s, multiple studies were conducted to determine the normal values of LA size. Over the past decade, LA size as an imaging biomarker has been consistently shown to be a powerful predictor of outcomes, including major public health problems such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, and death. More recently, functional assessment of the LA has been shown to be, at least as, if not more robust, a marker of cardiovascular outcomes. Current available data suggest that the combined evaluation of LA size and LA function will augment prognostication. The aim of this review is to provide a critical appraisal of current echocardiographic techniques for the assessment of LA function and the implications of such assessment for prediction and disease prevention.

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7,20 and (2) symptomatic complex VE or ventricular tachycardia (VT) and VE-triggered VF. VE configurations of (1) outflow tract and (2) PM or fascicular origin documented on a 12-lead ECG or Holter recording were considered as part of the defining characteristics of © 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.

Perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery ACC/AHA S1.4-8 Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes AHA/ACC S1.4-9 Heart failure ACC/AHA S1.4-10 ST-elevation myocardial infarction ACC/AHA S1.4-11 Device-based therapy for cardiac rhythm abnormalities ACC/AHA/HRS S1.4-2 Coronary artery bypass graft surgery ACC/AHA S1.4-12 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ACC/AHA S1.4-13 Percutaneous coronary intervention ACC/AHA/SCAI S1.4-14 Guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular care-part 9: post-cardiac arrest care AHA S1.4-15 Other related references Expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction HRS S1.4-16 Management of cardiac involvement associated with neuromuscular diseases AHA S1.4-17 Expert consensus statement on magnetic resonance imaging HRS S1.4-18 Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: Task Force 9: arrhythmias and conduction defects ACC/AHA S1.4-19 Expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope HRS S1.4-20 Expert consensus statement on the recognition and management of arrhythmias in adult congenital heart disease PACES/HRS S1.4-21 Expert consensus statement on the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients who are not included or not well represented in clinical trials HRS/ACC/AHA S1.4-22 Expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis HRS S1.4-23 Cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy ESC S1.4-24 Expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection HRS/ACCF S1.4-25 Expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for the channelopathies and cardiomyopathies HRS/EHRA S1.4-26 Expert consensus statement on the management of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in patients nearing end of life or requesting withdrawal of therapy HRS S1.4-27 Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement AHA/ACCF/HRS S1.4-28 Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part V: electrocardiogram changes associated with cardiac chamber hypertrophy: a scientific statement