Abstract-This paper presents a review of the current literature on rough set and near set-based approaches to solving various problems in medical imaging such as medical image segmentation, object extraction and image classification. Rough set frameworks hybridized with other computational intelligence technologies that include neural networks, particle swarm optimization, support vector machines and fuzzy sets are also presented. In addition, a brief introduction to near sets and near images with an application to MRI images is given. Near sets offer a generalization of traditional rough set theory and a new approach to classifying perceptual objects by means of features in solving medical imaging problems. Challenges to be addressed and future directions of research are identified and an extensive bibliography is also included.

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