BRAF(V600E) in PTC predicts an increased risk of lymph node metastasis, extra-thyroidal extension and reduced disease-free survival. It is an additional useful prognostic biomarker.
Background
To identify prognostic factors determining final visual outcome following open globe injuries.
Methods
Retrospective case series of patients presenting to Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia with open globe injuries from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2017. Data collected included demographic information, ocular injury details, management and initial and final visual acuities.
Results
A total of 104 cases were identified. Predictors of poor final visual outcomes included poor presenting visual acuity (p < 0.001), globe rupture (p < 0.001), retinal detachment (p < 0.001), Zone III wounds (p < 0.001), hyphema (p = 0.003), lens expulsion (p = 0.003) and vitreous hemorrhage (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated presenting visual acuity (p < 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.013) and retinal detachment (p = 0.011) as being statistically significant for predicting poor visual outcomes. The presence of lid laceration (p = 0.197) and uveal prolapse (p = 0.667) were not significantly associated with the final visual acuity.
Conclusions
Poor presenting visual acuity, globe rupture and retinal detachment are the most important prognostic factors determining final visual acuity following open globe injury.
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients often present with severe behavioural
disturbances and concomitant lack of insight. The underlying neural correlates
of these disturbances are mostly attributed to prefrontal cortex dysfunction,
but are still poorly understood.ObjectivesThe current study explores whether a simple visual magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) rating scale in combination with the Frontal System Behaviour Scale
(FrSBe) can be used to identify the prefrontal correlates of behavioural
symptoms in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and
Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsForty-eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of bvFTD and AD participated
in the study. Their behavioural profiles were assessed using the Frontal
System Behaviour Scale (FrSBe) and cross-correlated to the atrophy of the
sub-regions in the prefrontal cortex using a 5-point visual rating scale of
MRI scans.ResultsPatients with bvFTD showed higher incidence of behavioural disturbances than
AD with apathy being the most significant. BvFTD patients also showed the
highest incidence of atrophy in the orbital frontal cortex and this atrophy
was correlated with the apathetic features.ConclusionsEmployment of a simple visual MRI rating scale can be used in combination
with a behavioural screening test to identify reliably the behavioural
symptoms in bvFTD and AD. These findings will inform the diagnostic accuracy
of the neural correlates of behavioural dysfunction in bvFTD in the
future.
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