We present a fully relativistic formalism for describing neutrino-induced -mediated single-pion production in nuclei. We assess the ambiguities stemming from the interactions and quantify the uncertainties in the axial form-factor parameters by comparing with the available bubble-chamber neutrino-scattering data. To include nuclear effects, we turn to a relativistic plane-wave impulse approximation (RPWIA) using realistic bound-state wave functions derived in the Hartree approximation to the σ -ω Walecka model. For neutrino energies larger than 1 GeV, we show that a relativistic Fermi-gas model with appropriate binding-energy correction produces results that are comparable to the RPWIA that naturally includes Fermi motion, nuclear-binding effects, and the Pauli exclusion principle. Including medium modifications roughly halves the RPWIA cross section. Calculations for primary (prior to undergoing final-state interactions) pion production are presented for both electron-and neutrino-induced processes, and a comparison with electron-scattering data and other theoretical approaches is included. We infer that the total -production strength is underestimated by about 20 to 25%, a fraction that is due to the pionless decay modes of the in a medium. The model presented in this work can be naturally extended to include the effect of final-state interactions in a relativistic and quantum-mechanical way.

No abstract

We present a systematic study of the sensitivity of quasielastic neutrino-nucleus cross sections at intermediate energies to the strange quark sea of the nucleon. To this end, we investigate the impact of the weak strangeness form factors on the ratio of proton-to-neutron knockout, the ratio of neutral-to-charged current cross sections, on the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation, and on the longitudinal helicity asymmetry. The influence of axial as well as vector strangeness effects is discussed. For the latter, we introduce strangeness parameters from various hadron models and from a recent fit to data from parity-violating electron scattering. In our model, the nuclear target is described in terms of a relativistic mean-field approach. The effects of final-state interactions on the outgoing nucleon are quantified within a relativistic multiple-scattering Glauber approach. Our results are illustrated with cross sections for the scattering of 1-GeV neutrinos and antineutrinos off a 12 C target. Folding with a proposed FINeSSE (anti-)neutrino energy distribution has no qualitative influence on the overall sensitivity of the cross-section ratios to strangeness mechanisms. We show that vector strangeness effects are large and strongly Q 2 dependent.

Abstract-Energy consumption of customer premises equipment (CPE) in the new generation of time-division multiplexing (TDM) passive optical networks (PON) operating at 10 Gb/s, has become a serious problem both in terms of the global network energy consumption and the CPE battery life. The proposed low energy passive optical network (PON), based on a novel bitinterleaving downstream protocol, reduces the protocol processing energy by a factor of 30 and enables a significant reduction in the total CPE energy consumption over the standard 10 Gb/s PON CPE. The network architecture, protocol and the key enabling techniques for its implementation, including dynamic traffic interleaving, rate-adaptive descrambling of decimated traffic and downsampling clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, are described. Detailed analysis of the CPE energy consumption and comparison with the standard PON CPE is also included in the paper.