Background: Performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in bariatric patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is challenging due to the long anatomical route required to reach the biliopancreatic limb. Aim: Assessment of the feasibility and performance of laparoscopy-assisted transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Methods: A retrospective multicenter observational consecutive-patient cohort study of all patients in the period May 2008 to September 2014 with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who presented with complicated biliary disease and who underwent a laparoscopy-assisted transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The laparoscopy-assisted transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure was similar in all centers and was performed through a 15 mm or 18 mm trocar that was inserted in the gastric remnant. Cholecystectomy was performed concomitantly when indicated. Results: In total, 23 patients underwent a laparoscopy-assisted transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure. Two patients required a mini-laparotomy for transgastric access because of a complex surgical history resulting in multiple adhesions. Indications included ascending cholangitis, choledocholithiasis, and biliary pancreatitis. Of the 23 patients, 13 underwent concomitant cholecystectomy. All patients successfully underwent biliary cannulation and sphincterotomy. No endoscopic procedure-related complications (i. e. bleeding, pancreatitis or retroperitoneal perforation) occurred. Mean hospital stay was 2.8 days (range 2 – 4). Conclusions: Transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a feasible approach in the treatment of pancreaticobiliary disease in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients, without major complications in our series and allows endoscopic treatment and cholecystectomy to be performed consecutively in a single procedure. In Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients without a history of prior cholecystectomy presenting with complicated gallstone disease, combining cholecystectomy and transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as a first-line approach may be a valid treatment strategy.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows en-bloc resection of superficial gastrointestinal tumors, providing specimens on which lateral margin analysis can be performed reliably. Positive lateral margins have been linked to higher rates of recurrence/residual tumor. There are no guidelines for macroscopic processing of lateral margins. Currently, most institutions use parallel lateral sections, which are difficult to interpret. We use perpendicular lateral sections, hypothesizing that it decreases potential artifactually positive lateral margins. We analyzed positive lateral margin rates in colorectal ESD specimens according to sectioning method. We also looked at morphological factors associated with margin positivity as a function of technique used. We studied 166 ESD specimens, on which parallel sectioning practiced from 2006 to 2011 (n = 75). Perpendicular sectioning was used from 2010 to 2015 (n = 91). We recorded the number of positive margins, along with grade of dysplasia/carcinoma. Other information such as histopathological type, specimen size, lesion location, and patient follow-up was also recorded for evaluation. Forty of seventy-five (63%) margins were positive for parallel sections. In contrast, perpendicularly cut margins were significantly less frequently positive: 22/91 (24%) (p = 0.0001). Positive margins were found significantly more frequently in tubulo-villous lesions compared to tubular lesions in both the parallel and perpendicular groups (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). Specimen size was not significantly associated with positive margins. Using perpendicular sectioning of colorectal ESD specimens, the proportion of cases with a positive lateral margin was significantly lower than when parallel sectioning was used. We suggest perpendicular sectioning to improve accuracy in histopathological analysis. This method is particularly important to use in future studies, as it may prevent authors from making conjectures based on overestimation of positive lateral margins.
During ESD, the presence of poor lifting, LST-NG morphology, and a difficult retroflexed approach were factors associated with the need to convert to rescue EMR. Conversion to rescue EMR remains a valuable strategy.
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