Mixed oxides composed of the four metals Mo, V, Te, and Nb are known to be efficient catalysts in selective oxidation of lower alkanes. The outstanding catalytic performance of such mixed oxides is attributed to the presence of the so-called M1 crystal phase that contains all four elements in the metal positions of the structure. In the present work, an M1 phase composed only of Mo and V has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. High crystallinity was achieved by applying a synthesis temperature of 200 °C. The phase-pure mixed MoV oxide was studied as catalyst in the oxidation of propane. In contrast to previous reports, the desirable oxidation product acrylic acid is formed over the Te-free M1 structure in significant amounts, implying that Te is not necessarily required as a component of the active ensemble responsible for selective oxygen insertion. The MoV M1 oxide is, however, less selective compared to that of the M1 structure composed of the four metals Mo, V, Te, and Nb. The reason has been determined by applying a combination of synchrotron-based single crystal structure analysis and near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Determination of the crystal structure of MoV M1 oxide reveals partial occupation of sites in the hexagonal channels of the M1 structure by V, which are occupied by Te in MoVTeNb M1 oxide. Hydrolysis of the M-O bonds (M = V, Te) under reaction conditions leads to migration of the metal in the hexagonal channels to the surface. Accumulation of more than 50 at % V on the surface of the MoV M1 oxide most likely causes postcombustion of formed acrylic acid, whereas enrichment of Te at the surface of MoVTeNb M1 oxide results in dilution of surface V5+ species and, consequently, high selectivity
Monodisperse Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with well-controlled sizes in the range between 1.5 and 10.8 nm, and shapes of octahedron, cube, truncated octahedron and spheres (*6 nm) were synthesized employing the polyol reduction strategy with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the capping agent. We characterized the as-synthesized Pt nanoparticles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM, sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFGVS) using ethylene/H 2 reaction as the surface probe, and the catalytic ethylene/H 2 reaction by means of measuring surface concentration of Pt. The nanoparticles were supported in mesoporous silica (SBA-15 or MCF-17), and their catalytic reactivity was evaluated for the methylcyclopentane (MCP)/H 2 ring opening/ring enlargement reaction using 10 torr MCP and 50 torr H 2 at temperatures between 160 and 300°C. We found a strong correlation between the particle shape and the catalytic activity and product distribution for the MCP/ H 2 reaction on Pt. At temperatures below 240°C, 6.3 nm Pt octahedra yielded hexane, 6.2 nm Pt truncated octahedra and 5.2 nm Pt spheres produced 2-methylpentane. In contrast, 6.8 nm Pt cubes led to the formation of cracking products (i.e. C 1 -C 5 ) under similar conditions. We also detected a weak size dependence of the catalytic activity and selectivity for the MCP/H 2 reaction on Pt. 1.5 nm Pt particles produced 2-methylpentane for the whole temperature range studied and the larger Pt NPs produced mainly benzene at temperatures above 240°C.
A detailed and systematic polarized confocal fluorescence microscopy investigation is presented on three batches of large coffin-shaped ZSM-5 crystals (i.e., parent, steamed at 500 °C, and steamed at 700 °C). In total, six laser lines of different wavelength in the visible region are employed on two crystal positions and three orientations with respect to the polarization plane of the excitation laser light. A fluorescent probe molecule is generated inside the zeolite pores, originating from the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of 4-fluorostyrene. A thorough analysis of the polarization plane of emitting fluorescent light reveals insight into the orientation of the fluorescent probe molecule restricted by the highly ordered zeolite channel framework, thereby visualizing pore accessibility and clearly distinguishing the occupation of straight and sinusoidal channels by the probe molecule. Spectral features are, furthermore, observed to tell apart molecules situated in one or the other pore. Special focus was given on the rim and tip regions of the zeolite ZSM-5 crystals. On the basis of the confocal approach of the investigation, the aforementioned features are evaluated in three dimensions, while the degradation of the zeolite framework upon postsynthesis steam treatment could be visualized by occupation of the sinusoidal pores.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.