The electronic and the vibrational structure of carbon nanotubes with ultrahigh curvature was systematically studied by resonance Raman scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), molecular dynamics, and ab initio DFT calculations. The ultrahigh curvature tubes were grown inside commercial HiPco tubes after filling the latter with the small but carbon-rich molecule ferrocene. TEM showed partial filling of the outer tubes with inner tubes and mobility of the latter in the electron beam. The smallest analyzed tube was of (5,0) chirality and had a DFT determined diameter of 0.406 nm and a radial breathing mode frequency of 570 cm(-1). For all inner tubes which had transitions in the visible spectral range, transition energies and RBM frequencies were determined with a resonance width of only 45 meV. Experimentally determined transition energies revealed dramatic deviations up to several electronvolts compared to tight-binding calculations and a significant family spread of more than 2 eV but were in agreement with many electron contribution corrected extended tight-binding results and with results from DFT calculations.
PACS 71.15. Mb, 71.20.Tx, 78.30.Na Starting with the open picotube, we studied the interaction of the picotube with carbon nanotubes. The picotube is easily produced at low cost, and therefore an ideal candidate for filling CNTs. The observed spectra are in good agreement with the spectra predicted by Gaussian'03 for the closed picotube. The stability of the molecule in two different environments, the inside and the outside of the nanotubes, were investigated in local density approximation and inter-molecular Hückel calculations. We conclude that the closed picotube was formed, and is located on the outside of bundles of nanotubes.
It is shown that asymptotically flat initial data to the spherically symmetric massless Einstein-Vlasov system with outgoing matter has a future complete maximal globally hyperbolic development. This result complements a previous result of Andréasson, Kunze and Rein for the corresponding system with massive particles.
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