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Human–robot collaboration is becoming increasingly important in industrial assembly. In view of high cost pressure, resulting productivity requirements, and the trend towards human-centered automation in the context of Industry 5.0, a reasonable allocation of individual assembly tasks to humans or robots is of central importance. Therefore, this article presents a new approach for dynamic task allocation, its integration into an intuitive block-based process planning framework, and its evaluation in comparison to both manual assembly and static task allocation. For evaluation, a systematic methodology for comprehensive assessment of task allocation approaches is developed, followed by a corresponding user study. The results of the study show for the dynamic task allocation on the one hand a higher fluency in the human–robot collaboration with good adaptation to process delays, and on the other hand a reduction in the cycle time for assembly processes with sufficiently high degrees of parallelism. Based on the study results, we draw conclusions regarding assembly scenarios in which manual assembly or collaborative assembly with static or dynamic task allocation is most appropriate. Finally, we discuss the implications for process planning when using the proposed task allocation framework.

After its introduction around 20 years ago, the Digital Twin (DT) approach has recently attracted much interest in shaping the next generation of manufacturing. In the last years, many definitions and descriptions of the DT have been published, examining different aspects of its implementation. This paper is the first to present an analysis on the integration and interaction of human and DT in smart manufacturing systems in form of a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR methodology. It presents the current state of the art of DT-based human-machine interaction (HMI), its implications, and future research directions. Filtering from 278 publications over the last decade, the analysis includes 23 publications, all published from 2016 to 2020. The results show the predominant scenarios and applications of DT-based HMI and identify the current division of labor between human and DT. The paper concludes with an integration of these findings into a humancentered classification of DTs as well as future research directions.

Aufgrund des starken Kostendrucks sowie der immer weiter steigenden Variantenvielfalt stellt die Kollaboration von Mensch und Roboter einen möglichen Lösungsvektor für weitere Flexibilisierungs- und Rationalisierungspotenziale in der Montage dar. Die gezielte Ermittlung und Bewertung von Einsatzpotenzialen bildet in der Praxis die Grundlage für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von kollaborativen Robotern. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Vorgehensmodell für die methodische Analyse des Einsatzes von kollaborativen Robotern in Montageszenarien vorgeschlagen und evaluiert.*)

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